778 ORDER 156. GRAMJNE^E. 



nate ; palese 2, mostly shorter tlian the glurhes, surrounded with white, 

 bristly hairs at base, lower one mucronate, mostly awned below the tip, 

 the upper one often with a stipitate pappus (abortive rudiment of a 

 second flower) at base. 2 Rhizomes creeping. Culms simple, tall, 

 with a contracted or open panicle. 



Panicle expanding. Glumes some shorter than tho pale.T. Rudiment none Nos. 1, 2 



Panicle- contracted. Gl. some longer than palese. Kudiment plumous. (*) 



* Glumes 2 3'' long. Palea short-awned above the middle No. :; 



below the middle Nos. 4, t> 



* Glurnos 5 1' f long. Palea scarcely awned near the tip No. 7 



1 C. brevipilis Torr. Culm terete, slender, 3 4f high; Ivs. broad-linear, the 

 sheaths glabrous ; ligulo hairy ; panicle pyramidal, loose, with the diffuse, capil- 

 lary branches solitary or in pairs ; glumes unequal, bearded at base, ovate, acute, 

 1-veined, shorter than the equal, obtuse, awnless pales; pappus or hairs very short, 

 not half the length of the pakce. If. In sandy swamps, N. J. (Torrey). (A. Epi- 

 geios Muhl.) 



2 C. longifolia Hook. Culm 2 If high, stout; Ivs. rigid, involute-filiform, 

 tapering to a long point ; panicle pyramidal ; glumes unequal, lanceolate, the upper 

 as long as the equal pales; pappus-like hairs copious, more than half the length of 

 the pales. Sandy shores of the great Lakes, N. Mich, and C. W. 



3 C. coarctata Torr. Glaucous ; culm erect, 2 4f high ; Ivs. linear-lanceolate, 

 scabrous, with the veins and keel white ; sheaths striato ; slip, oblong, obtuse ; 

 panicle condensed and spike-form, the branches rigidly erect, short and aggre- 

 gated; glumes acuminate, lanceolate, lower 1-vcined, upper 3-veined, lower pale 

 5-veinod, bifid at the apex, with a short, straight awn just above the middle of the 

 lack. If Bogs, Mass, to Minn, and S. States? July, August. (Agrostis 

 glauca Muhl. Arundo stricta Spr.) 



4 C. purpurascens Brown. Panicle spicate, purplish, 3 6' long, half the 

 length of the culm ; glumes scabrous ; palese 2, the lower scabrous, toothed at 

 the apex, awned upon the back below the middle ; abortive rudiment plumous, 

 twice longer than the hairs at its base, and twice shorter than the pales. "White 

 Mtsr., N. H. (Tuckerman), Eocky Mts. (Richardson). Rare and unimportant. (C. 

 Pickeringii Gr. C. sylvatica Trin.) 



5 C. confinis Nutt. Culm 2 5f high, erect simple; Ivs. 2 3" wide, smooth; 

 panicle 4 8' long, slender, contracted, branches short, appressed, 4 or 5 together : 

 glumes oblong-lanceolate, 2^" long, rough on the keel and sides, barely acute ; 

 palece nearly equal, acute, oblong, as long as the glumes, lower one rough, 3-veined, 

 notched at tip, with a short awn inserted below the middle, nearly as long as tho 

 flower ; hairs f the length of the 2)ales. Penn. and Penn "Tan, K". Y. (Sartwell). 

 Aug. (C. inexpansa Gr.) 



6 C. Canadensis Beauv. REED GRASS. BLUE JOIST. Culm smooth, erect, rigid, 

 3 5f high ; Ivs. linear-lanceolate, striate, with smooth, veined sheaths ; panicle 

 erect, rather loose, oblong, the branches capillary, aggregated in 4s and 5s ; glumes 

 very acute, smoothish, much longer than the pakce ; lower palece. bifid at the ape.r. 

 with a hair-like awn arising from below the middle of the back ; hairs as long us 

 the pales. 2 Wet grounds, JSf. Eng. ~W. to Mich, and Can. Makes good hay, 

 common. Aug. (C. Mexicana Kutt. C. agrostoides Ph. Arundo MX.) 



7 C. arenaria Roth. MAT GRASS. SAND REED. Rt. creeping extensively; 

 culm erect, rigid, 2 if high; Ivs. involute, If by ^', smooth and glaucous, puu- 

 gently acuto; sheaths smooth; slip, oblong; panicle dense, with erect, appressed 

 branches, 6 10' long, and an inch thick ; "spikelets compressed, greenish-white ; 

 lower palea? longer than the upper. 1[ On sandy lake shores and sea coasts. 

 Can. to N. J. Of great value in confining loose, sandy beaches. Aug. (Amnio- 

 pbila, Host. Psaruma, Palis. Arundo, L.) 



10. ALOPECITRUS, L. FOX-TAIL GRASS. (Gr. GAWTTT^, fox, ovpd, 

 tail.) Spikelets 1-flowered ; glumes subequal, connate, distinct, flat- 

 carinate ; lower pale rlat-carinate, generally equaling the glumes, awned 

 on the back below the middle; upper pale wanting ; styles often con- 



