798 ORDER 156. GR AMINES. 



Wis. to Ohio, S. to Miss, and Ala. Upper half of culm naked. Pan. 4 to 6' by 2 

 to 3'. Apr. (South) to Jn. 



11 P. serotina Ehrh. MEADOW REDTOP. FOUL MEADOW. Culm erect, weak, 

 2 to 3f; Ivs. narrowly-linear, flat, 10 to 15' ; ligules elongated (2 to 3"), lacerate; 

 pan. (6' to 10' or 12' by 2' to 4'), branches in 5s, flexuous, capillary; spikelets 

 all pedicellate (1J to 2"), 2, 3, rarely 4-flowered; fls. webbed, acute, tawny red 

 at apex, or at length colored throughout. "Wet meadows and woods, common in 

 the N. States and Can. Jn. Aug. Varies with the spikelets all 2-flowered and 

 colored, on the diffuse, capillary branches (in woods and swamps), or all 3 or more- 

 flowered, branches suberect. Makes excellent hay. 



12 P. nemoralis L. WOOD SPEAR GRASS. Culm slender, 2 3f; Ivs. narrow- 

 linear, pale green, smooth as well as the sheaths; ligules scarcely any ; pan. 6 10' 

 long, slender, nodding when in fruit, branches capillary, flexuous, in 5s (2s to 5s) ; 

 fls. very acute ; spikelets ovate, about 3-flowered, spreading and at length remote, 

 slightly webbed at base. If A tall thin grass, in wet, open woods, N. Eng. to 

 Wis. and Can. Jn., Jl. 



13 P. trivialis L. ROUGH MEADOW GRASS. Culm sometimes stoloniferous at 

 base, roughish backwards, 2 3f; Ivs. lance-linear, acute, rough-edged, lower ones 

 very long, cauline as long as the roughish sheaths^ with long, acuminate ligules ; 

 panicle diffuse, expanding, scabrous, branches 4 5 together in half- whorls ; spike- 

 lets oblong-ovate, 2 3-flowered. 1 N. States. June, July. 



14 P. pratensis L. SPEAR GRASS. JUNE GRASS. Culm terete, smooth, 1 2f 

 Ivs. carinate, linear, abruptly acute, radical ones very long and numerous, cauline 

 shorter than the veined, smooth sheaths ; lig. short, truncate ; pan. diffuse, branches 

 3 5 together in half-whorls ; spikelets ovate, acute, with about 4, acute flowers ; 

 glumes lanceolate, rather acuminate. 14 An excellent grass both for hay and 

 pasturage, very abundant. Apr. (South) May (West) Jn. (North.) 



41. BRYZOPY'RUM, Link. (Briza, nvpo^ >vheat.) Spikelets oc- 

 flowered, compressed, crowded in a spikelike panicle ; glumes herba- 

 ceous, unequal ; pales awnless, subcoriaceous, lower compressed, but 

 not carinate, faintly many-veined, acute. Lvs. mostly involute, smooth 

 and rigid. 



1 B. spicatum Hook. Culm branched at base, erect 1 to 2f ; cauline Ivs. nu- 

 merous, 3 to 6' long; sheaths longer than the joints, close, upper ones hairy at 

 throat; spike-like pan. oval, yellowish, consisting of short, fasciculate branches 

 with sessile spikelets ; spkl.^oblong, 5 to 9-flowered ; fls. triandrous. Salt marshes, 

 N. Y. to Car. Jl. (Uniola ed. 2. Poa Michauxii Kunth.) 



42. GLYCE N RIA, Brown. MANNA GRASS. (Gr. jXvuv^, sweet, on 

 account of the sweet taste of the grains.) Spikelets many-flowered, 

 teretish or turgid, rachis jointed ; glumes subequal, pointless ; pales 

 awnless, webless, herbaceous, the lower usually 7-veined, rounded on 

 the back (not carinate) ; stigmas doubly plurnous ; ovary smooth, grain 

 free. 2 Smooth grasses from creeping rhizomes in wet places, with 

 simple panicles. Sheaths mostly fistular (not split). 



Bait marsh Grasses. Lower pale 5-veined. Stigmas sessile, simply plumed Nos. 9, 10 



In fresh swamps, &c. Lower palo 7-veined. Stigmas doubly plumous. (a) 



a SfHkelets linear-lanceolate, in a very simple panicle Nos. 1, 2 



a Spikelets linear-oblong, in compound, spreading panicles Nos. 8, 4 



a Spikelets ovate, short, turgid, in slender, appressed panicles Nos. 5, 6 



in an open, recurved panicle Nos. 7, 8 



1 Gr. fluitans Brown. Culm compressed or ancipitous, ascending at base, 3 5f ; 

 Ivs. lance-linear, smooth beneath, about a foot long; sheaths veined, smooth, 

 with a very large stipule ; panicle secund, long, slender, slightly branched ; spike- 

 lets 8 to 10" long, linear, appressed, 7 to 12-flowered; fls. obtuse ; lower pale 7- 

 veined, denticulate. 11 Swales, Ac. Can., N. States to La, Jn., JL (Festuca 

 fluitans, L.) 



2 G. acutifiora Torr. Culm somewhat compressed, 1 2f; Ivs. narrow, atten- 



