TURNER'S HERBAL 77 



he formed his intimate and lifelong friendship with Conrad 

 Gesner, 1 the famous Swiss naturalist. 



He subsequently visited Basle and Cologne, and it was in 

 these two cities that his small religious books upholding the 

 Protestant cause were printed. They were very popular in 

 England, so much so that in the last year of Henry VIII. 's 

 reign they were prohibited. Turner spent some time botanising 

 in the Rhine country : in his herbal he speaks of different 

 plants which he collected at Bonn, Basel, Bingen, Cologne, 

 " Erenffelde " and " Sieburg." Then he went to Holland and 

 East Friesland the latter he frequently mentions and became 

 physician to the " Erie of Emden." It was probably at this 

 time that he explored the islands off the mainland. He was 

 in correspondence with " Maister Riche and maister Morgan, 

 Apotecaries of London," two names which, it is interesting to 

 note, occur also in de 1'ObeTs works and in Gerard's Herbal. 



Turner wrote the first part of his Herbal when he was 



seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries were_the following. I give them 

 in the order in which they were made : 



Padua. 

 1544 Florence. 

 1547 Bologna. 

 1570 Paris. 

 1 598 Montpellier . 

 1628 Jena. 

 1632 Oxford. 

 1637 Upsala. 

 1673 Chelsea. 

 1675 Edinburgh . 

 1677 Leyden. 

 1682 Amsterdam . 

 1725 Utrecht. 



The first botanic garden in America was founded in Philadelphia by John 

 Bartram, the great American botanist, in the middle of the eighteenth century. 

 1 Gesner had a high opinion of Turner, of whom he wrote : 

 " Ante annos 15, aut circiter cum Anglicus ex Italia rediens me salutaret 

 (Turnerus) is fuerit vir excellentis turn in re medica turn aliis plerisque disci- 

 plinis doctrinae aut alius quisquam vix satis memini." De Herbis Lunariis, 

 1555. 



