THE TECHNICS OF GARDENING. 145 



sure suitable to different forest-trees, the writer just 

 quoted holds that, for exposure to the wind inland, 

 the best trees for all soils are the beech, the Austrian 

 pine, and the Scotch fir. 



For exposure in hedgerows, the best tree to plant 

 ordinarily is the elm. For exposure to frost, the 

 Insignis pine, which will not, however, stand the frosts 

 of the valley, but prefers high ground. For expo- 

 sure to smoke, undoubtedly the best tree is the 

 Western plane. The sycamore will stand better than 

 most trees the smoke and chemical works of manu- 

 facturing towns. For sea-exposure, the best trees 

 to plant are the goat willow and pineaster. Among 

 the low-growing shrubs which stand sea-exposure 

 well are mentioned the sea-buckthorn, the snow- 

 berry, the evergreen barberry, and the German 

 tamarisk ; to which should be added the euonymus 

 and the escallonia. 



With regard to the nature of the soil, Lord 

 Lymington says : " Strong clay produces the best 

 oaks and the best silver fir. A deep loam is the most 

 favourable soil for the growth of the Spanish chestnut 

 and ash. The beech is the glorious weed of the chalk 

 and down countries ; the elm of the rich red sand- 

 stone valleys. Coniferous trees prefer land of a 

 light sandy texture ; . . . but as many desire to 

 plant conifers on other soils, I would mention that 

 the following among others will grow on most soils, 

 chalk included : the Abies excelsa, canadensis, mag- 

 nifica, nobilis, and Pinsapo ; the Pinus excelsa, insignis, 

 and Laricio ; the Cupressus Lawsoniana, erecta, viridis, 



