pli-kiii);. and as it win 

 i anil sin. : en vv itliout 



.1 and fei nieination, it Is of c 

 !iat an oil mill sii,,iikl ho established in the 

 of each locality vvlicie olive orchards are 

 planted. 



THJ 



Insects'- Yes. that i ut should lie 



touched upon hi any an; culture, tor 



no orcbara will amount to anything unless those 

 jiesls are thoroughly cleaused Irom tlie trees. 

 Allcr a lomr sei ies oi c.\i eiinii-iiN i ' 

 practically e.. mined myseli to i ie one clieaii 

 article Iliat seeius to l;e al>.ciliiiciv ett'eeiive. <>i 

 course notliin ell than concentrated lye, 



Inn it Is too tobacco seems to 



answer the i well, while wnale 



< tnaily on small trees at 



a very elieau cost. A ilecoeiie-n of tobacco Is 

 sniii'ie, me\ - I, U- properly applied, an 



ettectual remedy foi every class ol insect pests 

 that 1 have come in contact with. Forly pounds 

 of good, strong leaf luhacco, Uuirouglify boiled 

 ill water, will make about eighty gallon's. 'Ihis 

 can bt; thrown nj.on ii:. a (lowerlul 



garden syringe, but it is nefeessary tliat the de- 

 i should be Kept, wliile n-iin:> it, at the 

 imiioini icinijeiatnie of ]3u to i-40 degrees 

 Fahrenheit. Hotter than this will destroy tho 

 embryo fruit; less hot, less etleetnal. I would 

 recommend lour api-lieation-i each year, 

 until the orchards were entirely free from in- 

 t'nen. if Hie neighborhood was free, and 

 the proper i.recaiuions taken, vvuli prnuin-; alone 

 it could he kept free lot KCIICI aliens to come. 

 "iclianlist must grow his own toliaeco, 

 wllkll be can do in a small way. if lie attends to 

 it properly, at a cost ot two cents the pound 

 . pi educe 4.0OO pounds.) We have, 

 two Callous oi the decoction 

 to a live for each application, the I'ollowhiK cost: 

 One pound of tobacco, two cents. Two men can 

 boll the tobacco and syringe too trees dully 

 $1 25 lor each man, and boaid. would ue V 50 ' 

 Ol' two and a hail cents ti.c tree, which, witn the 

 '.', ii cenls), equals per tree foul- 

 halt ceitls lotu times each > ear, eighteen 

 On olive trees producing titty gallons of 

 four cents me pound), the 

 :on<!h cleansing would be less 

 nda naif | er cent ol each yearly 

 ero'e. On orange, lemon .and lime trees, about 

 the same. 



AI>I I/II-:J;A i ION or OIL. 



;- I find this decoction of tobacco equally service- 

 able on domicile fruits and other deciduous trees, 



but 111 such cases it milM be only applied once ill 



ihe vvlnier, when the leaves aie gone and the sap 

 Her sue. an application I 

 . found my iices enlirely fiee from in- 

 -liiitiK. 'i he laet tuat I use Uii.oiiO 

 a year is the pest proof that I 

 e-y. It is lime for me to go, 

 now. bu; iu conclu.-ion let me say that ihe ndul- 

 leiation o olive oil probably surpasses* your 

 misgivings, \\hile I was engaged In the 

 mess in New York. one him icceivcd 

 h order lor a thousand tierces of 

 ^otlb- Mediterranean to adulterate 

 oil, and a single year's exports oi cotton 

 seed oil iroiu New Orleans, seni to the Mediter- 

 ranean lor a like pnipo,e, was -nllicient in quan- 

 tity to lill Wleen million ordinal y oil bottles, the 

 cost of the oil in each bottle being less than ten 

 cents." 



'!'li Olive Culture. 



EDS. GAZETTE; There is one industry 

 in our State that is bound to be of par- 

 amount importance, which has not yet 

 attracted the attention it deserves, and 

 that ie ths olive culture. To-day south- 

 ern Europe supplies the world with 

 olives. The importance of this culture 

 we people of the United States do not 

 appreciate. In Italy at present the 

 olive crop is worth $40,000,000 annually. 

 California to-day produces not more 

 than 35,000,000 bushels of wheat, which 

 is worth less than $30,000,000. go we 

 see the olive culture of Italy brings in 

 far more money to that country than 

 the wheat industry in our State. That 

 the olive will flourish in our State has 

 already been proven. K. B. Kedding 

 demonstrated this years ago. In the 

 old Mission near the Bawson farm in 

 Los Angeles county there is a splendid 

 grove of olive trees. On the State 

 University grounds at Berkeley there is 

 an olive tree which bore this year over 

 100 pounds of fruit, which sold for $4 

 upon the grounds. The olive begins to 

 bear in the sixth year aud coptinues to 

 increase its yield till it reaches its 

 thirtieth year. It flourishes best where 

 the soil is a little rooky. In Italy every 

 hill side and rugged ridge is covered 

 with olive trees. 



Senator Stanford is about to plant a 

 largo olive grove near his large vine- 

 yard at Vina, Tehama county. In some 



i IK/ iiiivo ministry. 



places tho soil ia so rooky that small 



charges of dynamite will be required ,, Kamou Manjanes is UK' director of 

 3 blast tho surface of the rook so that the School of Industrial Engineers of Bar- 

 the trees may be planted. On such j cclorm, Spain. He has always taken a 

 land as this it requires a longer period i lively interest iu the important Spanish in- 

 aud more oare before the trees begin to i dustry of growing and manufacturing olive 



/T 



bear, but then the quality of the fruit is 

 superior. The olive culture cannot 

 well be overdone. In Italy when the 

 olive crop is bountiful, the people are 



oil. Having progress in thut branch at 

 heart and recognizing the many defective 

 antiquated methods prevailing iu that 

 industry which are kept up iu his country, 



contented. It is asserted on good an- u " llHS simultaneously, with the Oecouom- 

 inoiity that with broad and olives the ' icnl Socie 'y of Friends of the country of 



inhabitants are contented to do six 

 months without meat of any kind. 

 Then tho olive oil is an article of com- 

 merce, the importance of which cannot 

 well be over estimated. 



the province of Seville, conceived, and tin- 

 society has taken steps to execute, the idea 

 of au international conference ou all mat- 

 ters appertaining to the olive oil industry. 

 Au exhibition of olive oils from all parta 

 3 will be connected with that conference, to 



grove is a success, and tho indications ,,. , U!ld in St , ville It ig t) be h ^ 

 be, we may expect to tlu! int ,. r( . st tllkl . u iu thllt concoursei which 

 see th6 sunny slopes of Contra Costa is h dd to bo of vast consequence for im- 

 produoing not only the vine ahd frnit provernent in the olive oil industry j Spain, 

 trees but also tho olive. Then more will be a vivid one, and the project become 

 happy homes will dot our vales and the a fact. 



lot of the farmer Will be one of less The programme is an extensive one, and 

 toil and tribulation. B. |we think it ofiuterest to our readers, many 



kna. 1st. 1885. |f whom 



Northern California 



<?if. A Rlv -'l of the Olive. 



^ <ta*ro.mmtontt. r/,j/g>r- 



'< plant known as sesame b ; 

 to become a formidable rival of the 

 oh ye. 1 1 is lately grown in India and 

 lima. It is an annual, inalurin- in 

 three months from the time of planting, 

 and two cn.ps .MIV grown eaeh year' 

 "ds are very small, ten of them 

 Jfeigbing only a grain. They contain 

 > per cent oPoil, by weight, while the 

 ' ol the olive has but :;0 per cent. 

 ''"I""' 1 oe.I into France 



unt to 70,600 or 80,000 tons per an- 

 num. The oil is- much used to adulter- 

 ate- olive oil, which it closely rcsnibles. 

 'I lie liriiish Encyclopedia" says that 

 'M-].ressed sesame oil is P-M,,,] in ovory 

 respecttothe finest olive oil for table 

 ; '"I by many preferred to 

 ul on account of its piquant j 

 attempts should be <made to cul- 

 tivate this valuable plant in < 'aliforma 

 t might prove m <,re profitable than 

 the olive. The man who plants the 

 olive must wait half a dozen wars for 

 fruit, while the sesame yields two i 

 n a single season. Just as ken 

 nas driven whale oil out of the market 

 so the sesame may supplant the olive.' 

 Ifce olive, however, has such nn estab- 

 lished hold on the markets of the world 

 that to displace it by any other natural 

 product must be slow work. Still it is 

 notorious that a large proportion of the 

 so-called olive oil of commerce is com- 

 posed of other substances. Cotton-seed 

 oil sesame oil, peanut oil, and even 

 lard oil, are largely used as adulterants 

 for olive oil. To what extent these 

 adulterants are employed is a -mater for 

 conjecture, but thepercentageof adul- 

 teration must be large. Our Consuls 

 in Italy and France say that no pure 

 olive oil is exported from these coun- 

 tries. Ho well, is this fact recognized in 

 California that in spite of the popular 

 prejudice in favor of imported poods n 

 certain California brand of olive oil, 

 whose purity is above suspicion, brings 

 a higher price than any imported brand. 

 While sesame oil. so far as we know 

 has not been .squarely put on the mar- 

 ket as a food oil in competition with 

 olive oil, it may yet stand upon its Tncr- 

 its instead of masquerading under the 

 name of the olive. The great advant- 

 age of the sesame in such a competi- 

 tion is its comparative cheapness. As 

 it has no tendency to rancidity, the oil 

 of the olive has no preference in that 

 respect. Sesame seed is used as food 

 in China and India, as the olive is 

 wherever it is grown. Even the cake 

 from sesame-seed mills is said to. be 

 eaten by the poorer classes of India. 



of whom niay wish to learn -is much as 

 possible of a/branch, which for California!! 

 agriculture /s.iuoiueutous, to give it in its 



entirety: 



FIliST UllOUl' CULTIVATION OF THK OLIVE. 



1. Uocks ASS geological collections of 



oliviferous soils. 



2. Samples of olive grafts. Green and 

 dry branches.- Fresh and preserved olive 

 fruit. 



3. Tools and appliances for the special 

 cultivation of the olive tree. 



4. Diseases of the olive tree. Means em- 

 'ploycd to subdue them. Apparatus for 

 applying these remedies. 



5. Special manure for the olive grove. 



SKCOND GBOUP OLIVE HAltVKSTINd. 



6. Apparatus and uteusils for gathering 

 ithe olive crop. 



7. Carts, baskets, etc., aud transporting 

 uteusils. 



8. Models and systems of housing the 

 Icrop until pressing. 



T11I1SD OKOUP -EXTRACTION OP THE OIL. 



9. Apparatus for washing and lifting 

 olives. 



10. Olive mills. 



11. Apparatus for freeing tho pulp from 

 the stoiie. 



12. Presses. 



lit. Desmufiecadoras. 



14. Matting for holding the pulp under 

 the press and moans to substitute mat- 

 ting. 



15. Pumps and appurtenances. 



10. Samples of olive oils freshly extract- 

 ed and without having undergone any other 

 preparation. 



I'OUHTH CiliOUP CLAKIFCATION AND EEFIN- 

 INO. 



17. Systems of filters. 



18. Stoves, reservoirs aud other utensils 

 and apparatus for refilling aud clarifying 

 oil. 



IU. Clarified and refined olive oils and 

 methods employed. 



Fll-TH <il;oi;i' COMMKKCIAL PAUT. 



20. Depots, jars and casks of irou, till, 

 zinc, earthenware, wood, glass, skin, itc, 

 for storage. 



21. Corks, capsules, wax, labels and 

 other accessories. 



'2'2. Machines for washing, corking and 

 capsuling bottles. 



23. Collections of commercial olive oils 



