tjycs i 



The'olTvte tree, whet .-, - 

 object of rare beauty, and" we think tha 

 even as an ornamental tree the olive 

 Should be planted eve., -where. Fresno 

 or indeed California is exceedingly well 

 adapted to olive culture provided the 

 right variety is planted in the righ, 

 Dlace The olive trees in our immediate 

 vicini'tv are now in full blossom and are 

 set'tint;" fruit. Those in Mr. Ferguson s 

 warden have never been more covered by 

 blossoms, aud promise a large crop. I 

 fessor Braly's trees, only four years old 

 have this season their farst flowers, ana 

 this proves conclusively that in favored 

 Realities even the el tardy Mission 

 olive bears at an early age. In the olive 

 orchard of the Fancher Creek Nursery 

 some 20 varieties are grown, and of these 

 ten or more are now blooming. Some 

 varieties only two years old are hterally 

 covered with bloom and the olives are 

 sett.ng freely. This speaks volumes for 

 the success of olive culture, the profits of 

 which are so large and so regular that in 

 Europe a very few trees suffice for the 

 sustainment of a family too whole year 

 round. "The olives now promising the 

 most are the Novadillo Blanco and the 

 Manzanillo, both the best varieties of 

 Spain, the former for oil and the 1 

 for pickled fruit. The Mission does not 

 produce a highly flavored oil, and is in 

 this respect very inferior even to the 

 Picholine, though small fruited, produces 

 u highly flavored and valuable oil 



the future ot oar .tae. adapto d to 



not under cultivat.on he ^ ^^ culti- 



better advantage than anything eto Ov| ^ 

 are Ions, run down ueep, *-J$? aurface cultiva- 

 ceptible to changes Produced by sa ria ^ ^ 

 tion or by weather.. He thin K ^"have; expects 

 procure a batter ohve than we now &a ye ; 

 to instigate European ""^rf^ quality and 



olive grown l>. ere P ow ;. tf i. motivation, and we can 



. 



K uuvaon hisown ranch here in 

 y.Cors. Santa Clara I alien. 



THE o; 



'central 



JVjfUIT-UKUW*"'*" * "~ , . 



part of the State are turning then- 

 attention to the olive. Ibis is , 

 sensible move. This fruit more 

 profitable than wheat, and 

 ranchers of the State are beginning 

 o realize that fact The Auburr ,, 

 Republican says: "Ihe utto 

 Olive oil which took the nrst prize j 

 at the Citrus fair is described as 

 having been pressed from the olives 

 Hrt dried on warm bricks. ^'-j 

 Sd prepared his olives for press! 



by drying them on the trays of an 

 ordinary raisin dryer with equa y 

 good results. The only object ot the 



process is to get rM ot the water 

 C berries while at the snme tint 

 the oil collects together in littl. 



^ ~~ A 



globules am! makes the pressing 

 process comparatively easy. Dry- 

 ing them on V ^ks is the Italian 

 method, but i - seems to be 

 reason why an ordinary fruit dryei 

 good.- 



is 



tos "Anceleg Olivd ti-oji. 



, lif ^t Angela Jltrald. 7///flf 

 he beautiful olive grove of James 

 tlriii" near Lamanda Park, is loaded 

 withmiit. Mr. Craig last year made; 

 some tine pickled olives and some fine 

 olive oil. This year he will make a 

 larae amount of oil that will yield him 

 iflOOO per acre. 



All along the high mesas in the San 

 Fernando, Canyadu and San Gabriel 

 vallevs the\. .olive is at home and 

 in its' glory. The fruit must have high 

 land, full of oxygen, in order to pro-- 

 dm-c its best results, and its results are 

 most rich and rewarding. It is most 

 surprising that the landowners of the 

 highland plateaus do not plant more 

 olive cuttings. They cost but little, 

 they are not devoured by gophers or 

 rabbits, they grow by inspiration more 

 than by irrigation and live almost for- 



rlots on the Subject From a Napa 

 Horticulturist. -?/, fffe 



letters from 



:ror"correspondentr, asking 

 ^ n in regard to the possibil- 

 ities of olive culture in our section of 

 the State. We are in the habit ot 

 referring all such parties to Adolpbe 

 Flamant, whoso large vineyard and 

 olive plantation on the county road, 

 between Napa and Sonoma, are well 

 known. Mr. Flamant'a experience in 

 those matters is unquestioned; and, 

 desirous to witness the success that lias 

 attended his olive plantation of over 

 6000 trees, we concluded to visit 

 it in order to present to our readers 

 the result of our inspection. 



The hospitality received by guests or 

 even mere callers at the Flamant vine- 

 yard is a thing so generally known 

 that we will not dwell on the cordial 

 welcome that was extended to us. 



The Flamant vineyard and olive 

 plantation are situated about half-way 

 between Napa and Sonoma on the 

 county road. The vineyard lies on a 

 gradual slope from , the road and ex- 

 tends to hill lands of quite a high alti- 

 tude, on which is Ihe olive plantation. 

 The whole property bears the evident 

 mark of experience and work. ( 

 surprise was great when, reaching the 

 olive plantation, we found trees two 

 and three years old thriving luxuriantly 

 on arid arid rocky lands on which 110 

 one except experienced parties would 

 ever expect to see a fruit tree grow. 

 But the olive tree seems to prefer suen 

 location, for those planted on the top 

 and slope of hills, amidst beds of rocks 

 where but little soil is to be seer., ape 

 thriving with more vigor than those o 

 adjoining richer ground, which is not 

 so well drained during winter and early 

 spring. 



Mr. Flamant confirmed to us what 

 has been so repeatedly said in reference 

 to olive culture, namely : 



First That such trees can be planted 

 more successfully on rocky lands 

 whose value is but one-fourth or one- 

 fifth of those suitable*to vme culture. 

 Second That the cost of plantation 

 ami ultimate yearly cultivation do not 

 reach one-third of the cost of a vine- 

 yard. 



Third That the crops can be Rath 

 ercd with much more economy and 

 celerity than grapes can, and that the 

 olive oil or pickled olive, which can be 

 made with outfitting custm.-' about 

 one-tenth part of those required for 

 irine-makin ;, run be disposed of within 

 a week from the gathering of the ber- : 



Fourth That the insect pe^ts that 

 are liable to attack the olive tree can he 

 fought, with ordinary care, with much 

 more ease and economy than phyllox- 

 era or other enemies of the vine. 



Fifth That an olive tree planted 11 

 a permanent site from the one-year-old 



>oted rutting will develop with more 

 i nd rapidity than if kept several 

 years in a nursery, t<> be transplanted 

 when six or seven years old, a.- is some- 

 times done in Europe by parties 

 wish to retain meantime the use of 

 their rocky lands for pasturage, and 

 that, when so planted, it brii 



i'our wars old, and, beginning 

 with its iifth year, gives paying crops, 



which increase in quantity from year 

 .1 -until the tree reaches its lull 

 ,].m'"it, when it will pay several 

 times morn than the best vineyard. 



Sixth -That the profit on the crop 

 ,--an be computed at about 50 cents net 

 per gallon of berries, and that while 

 the tree is apttogive 0, 8or 10 gallons ot 

 fruit when i :'. s or 10 years old, its capacity 

 of bearing will reach 20, 30 and 40 gal- 

 lons per tree when in from 15 to 2C 

 years it will have reached its lull ma- 



"seventh That the tree seems to be 

 harder to die than old Mathuscla, and 

 that it can be considered as a perma- 

 nent investment, since there arc oUv 

 trees still living at Jerusalem which 

 were known during evangelical times. 

 Eighth That the tree will stand the 

 longest spells of dry weather and not 

 be affected, unless by such extremes of 

 hot or cold weather as are absolutely 

 unknown in California. 



Ninth-That the Ticholme variety 

 which Mr. Flamant has adopt, 

 his plantation, while it makes -very 

 good oil, stands as the best for pick- 

 ling. Moreover, it grows quickly and 

 is less subject to damages by insects 

 lhan other varieties are. 



Mr. Flamant entered into a great 

 many details while developing all of 

 the points, which satisfied us as to the 

 correctness and practicability of bis 

 views on the subject. The growth of Ins 

 trees, some of them absolutely on beds 

 of rock wilh hardly any soil around, 

 are now a'standing evidence that tin-- 

 plantation, that was so much disuis>e<l 

 at its start by parties who have never 

 seen an olive plantation, has passed 

 now from the phases of doubt into a 

 proures-ivc march to permanent suc- 

 cess! F,y it Mr. Flamant. through his 

 Indomitable energy and enterprise, has 

 tan gl -I us how to" make use of rocky 

 lands entirely unfit for anv other cul- 

 ture. If his example is followed, as it 

 should be, we may look forward to the 

 time in the near future when the rocky 

 patches of land of our, beautiful valley 

 will be adorned by the light of those 

 ; ful evergreen trees, which will add 

 to the beauty and pro. 

 tion of the State. 



THE OLIVE IN FRANCE. 



Some Details of the Cost 

 of Cultivation. 



DISEASE INJURING THE TREES 



Peculiar Methods Pursuccl-An- 



uual Product ot Italy-Facts 



About Sardines. 



[Correspondence of the 



PARIS, June 5, 1886. 



In the, present article are given details 

 regarding subjects previously treated and 

 accessary to their complete comprehension. 

 THey relate chiefly to the cost of oultiTiUing 

 the olive in France, and to Uie edible olive, 

 while some facts are added In regard to 

 industries of less relative importance to 

 France, yet still representing branches o| 

 comnn rce of considerable value. The oliva 

 cultivators in France, with the exception 

 of ome of those at Nice mentioned In the 

 articles on the olive written some months 

 ago, liave paid little attention to improved 

 methods of culture, consequently there are 

 new tnUs..cs relating to the last five or six 

 years. It may nevertheless be taken for 

 granted that the figures given represent 

 very nearly the cost of culture to-day. In 

 the Marltlmu A!]u. that Is, the department 

 of which Nice is me capital, there are about 

 1'JO.OOO acres ia th olive. Thirty-five 

 vears ago a hectare (two and a half acrei) 

 in olives was wortli $'2000. Ten years ago 

 it was worth only $1400, owing to the dis- 

 eases which had ravaged the orchards, and 

 now it is worth much less. The tree could 

 be cultivated from the seaihore to the 

 height of 1350 icct on the mountain sides, 

 and till late years, in spite of the lact that 

 good harvests were rare even wben the in- 

 dustry was in its prime, It constituted the 

 chief support of the people. The arrondisse- 

 meat of Grasse contains 60,000 inhabi- 

 tants in the two-thirds of ill area plauled 

 in the olive. The remainder, given up to 

 other Industrie)., contained K few years ago 

 only 0000, though ouing to poor harvests 

 the Droportlori may since have somewhat 



