trees" fnucTT~oldei, will not 

 produce a hatful to the tree, and 

 simply because they are not kept 

 free from the black scale nor prop- 

 erly pruned and cultivated. Por ] 

 example, near Mayor Fernald's on 

 the south, is a block with two or 

 three acres of olive trees on it, and 

 the ground on which they stand is 

 used for a cow pasture, the trees 

 are fruitless and worthless, and near 

 the lighthouse more than- two hun- 

 dred trees about ton yeajs old have 

 just been dug up and .Ait into fire- 

 wood. All tide neglect and <le- 

 -tr .-tion arorind Santa Barbara 

 would be exceedingly discouraging 

 ihad not Ellwood Cooper cour-| 

 ageously set himself to work to de- 

 stroy the scale bug instead of the 

 tree, and he is now rewarded with 

 the astonishing crop hanging on 

 his 5000 trees and just ready for 

 .the oil mill. Our readers are aware 

 that a barrel of olives will produce 

 about four gallons of oil, worth $5 

 a gallon, or $20 to the well-laden 

 'tree seven years old. He has just 

 completed an oil mill on a large 

 plan and in the most substantial 

 manner, which is capable of reduc- 

 . ing 4000 pounds of olives eaCTi< 

 twenty-four hours, and will be run 

 flay and night for a week at a time 

 (until his crop for the year has been 

 turned into oil. Let oliye skepticsj 

 go and see the olives and olive trees 

 at Ellwood. Santa Barbara Press. 



rcfi!s in 



, PV , <> 



Those -seeking aprofitaWe tree to 

 plant in the hills where water is scant 

 should carefully examine the oljve. It 

 thrives with the lea's't possible amount 

 of moisture,, is grown 1*011) seed or cut- 

 tings, comes into bearing at five, or six 

 years old but reaches its full develope 

 mentat thirty and continues to bear 

 for one hundred and fifty years. 



The ( -sti mated crops are from 1,000 

 to 4.000 gallons of olives to the acre : 

 worth seventy-five cents a gallon, thus 

 giving from $150 to $3,000 an acre, it 

 stands frost better than the orange, its 

 fruits can be, easily transported aucfc 

 the market for pickled olives and olive 1 

 'oil extends over the habitable world. 

 THE OLIVE TREE. 



It Yields Its rrult Probably for t'eii- 

 lurles. ^ , . 



San Jose Times. '/ //<// 



Among the many trees now claiming 

 the attention of the people of Santa Clara 

 County and the whole State, few give 

 !>r<miisp of more flattering ;eturns than 

 the olive. This is an ancient, historic 

 and useful tree, living through centuries 

 and yielding its fruits to the generations 

 as I hey come and pass away. 



Tliu cultivation of the olive, like that oi 

 Uir grape im d tin- date, was introduced 

 into California by the. Catholic fathers 

 around the old missions, lii.t while much 

 attention has lias been eiven to the grape, 

 it is only during the lust few years that 

 any consMgfcfe a'tterSfcn has. been paid 

 to the oiiviir- Some of the trees about, the 

 i old [mitt-ions in Southern California are 



now a century old and arc still as vigor- 

 ous as could be wished. . 



There is no variety of tree that thrives 

 better or needs less care than the olive. 

 The trees can be planted on rock lands 

 where the vine would fail, and the cost of 

 planting these trees is not one-third Unit 

 of vines. The crops are more easily 

 gathered than grapes and the plant neces- 

 sary tor the production of olive oil is 

 about one-tenth that n crss.-iiy for mak- 

 ing wine. The insect pestH affecting 

 the olives are the same as those affecting 

 other fruit (rets no more difficult to 

 fight, and not ne;;r so much to be dreaded 

 as the phylloxera. I'- will stand 

 drougth, will endure neglect, and 

 prosper along fences, avenues and other 

 uncultivated places. 



The olive requires a longer time to 

 bring in returns than some other kinds of 

 fruits, but when once in bearing it yields 

 prolific crops, and continues with proper 

 care, ti- improve ! r centuries. It does 

 not, like the peach and some other kinds 

 of fruit, die out in a few years, but yields 

 increased returns each year for genera- 

 tions ; thus making itself one of the most 

 profitable of trees. 



The tree can be propagated from cut- 

 tings, and there is no trouble about pack- 

 ing and shipping, as with green fruits. 

 Th4 transportation difficulties, so dis- 

 couraging to the producers of grapes, 

 peaches, etc., hardly enter into the busi- 

 ness of olive growing. 



Froft^ what has been said the im- 

 pressiojS must not be received that 

 olives arc only suited to poor soil, and 

 need no care. While they produce well 

 on' poor, and rocky soil not adapted to 

 other kinds of trees, or even vines, they 

 grow much better and yield much more 

 handsome returns when planted on good, 

 soil and given a generous cultivation. It 

 is not adapted, however, to very damp 

 land; and even on rich bottom lands, 

 while its growth is vigorous, the fruit is 

 said to be inferior. The " Mount of 

 Olives," mentioned in the New Testament, 

 near Jerusalem, is a high rock ridge ::-iin 

 feet' above the sea ; and near the tinted 

 ruins of Baalbec is an olive grove which 

 seems to grow out of a mass of rocks. 



Italy has an area about one-third as 

 great as California, and the acreage in 

 olives in that country is two and a quarter 

 millions. Large quantities of olives are 

 used for pickling and other purposes, and 

 about 90,000,000 gallons of oil are pro- 

 duced. The exports of oil alone bring the 

 Italians an annual income of over !?4 ', 



The ancient Greeks and Romans as 

 well as their modern successors in occu- 

 pancy, and indeed the entire people who 

 inhabit the countries on both shores of 

 the Mediterranean, held, and hold, the 

 olive in the highest esteem. It grows on 

 the summit of all their rocky heights and 

 furnishes them with an element of food 

 scarcely less valuable than bread-stuffs. 

 Many olive trees planted before the 

 Christian era still flourish. A tree 100 

 years old, drawing its sustenance appar- 

 ently from rocks, yields what is equal in 

 nutritious value to two pounds of flesh 

 meat or half a pound of butter daily, so 

 that with good bread and olives the hard- 

 working peasant keeps up his energies of 



daily toil. 



. Intelligent and educated native: 



Southern Europe have no relish 



egaFUing dairy products generally as ( 

 incleanly and only fit for semi-barbarous 

 people to use as food. But the olive they 

 regard as correspondent to .purity and 

 mental cultivation. They adduce the 

 disgusting diseases prevalent among 

 people who largely use hogs' flesh and 

 other animal food as nroving that the 

 highest civilization of the world has been 

 reached where the oiive supplies, directly 

 from nature, the carbon element so 

 needed in nutrition, 'inese latter were 

 evidently the first to reach civilization, 

 and, it is believed, that they will excel, 

 when freed from certain disadvantages, 

 nations who depend mainly upon cattle 

 and bogs for their subsistence. 



These sentiments are said to be largely 

 shared, though not distinctly formulated, 

 by all grades of people in Southern 1 

 Europe. It is certain that carbon in some 

 form is indispensable to healthy nutri- 

 tion; that it cannot be secured, with 

 reasonable certainty of purity, from flesh 

 or dairy products, but can be from the 

 olive. In this aspect of the case, Califor- 

 nia can, by its cultivation and extensive 

 use, secure a position in advance of any 

 people on the globe. 



The salted olive has been highly recom- 

 mended as a remedy for dyspepsia, 

 causing no nausea, but healing and sooth- 

 ing inflamed surfaces. 



The tree is much hardier than the 

 orange, growing in portions of Italy 

 where snow often falls to a. depth of a few 

 inches and sometimes to two feet. Rain 

 freezing on the tree is fatal to the smaller 

 twigs, but the tree and roots remain un- 

 injured. There are very few portions of 

 California cold enough to prevent the 

 olive from growing. It is very tenacious 

 of life and easily propagated. The usual 

 mode of propagation is by cutting one to 

 three inches in diameter and three feet 

 in length. 



For use as oil the berries are allowed to 

 ripen which they do here about January 

 1st. They are then dried, and the oil 

 extracted much the same as in flax seed, 

 but the filtering must be done with great 

 thoroughness, or the oil will becojne 

 rancid, while if pure it will keep for a 

 long time. 



If the berries are for table use they are 

 picked a little earlier and soaked in water 

 for six weeks, the water being changed 

 daily to remove the acid taste. They are 

 then placed in brine, and the process is 

 complete. 



For olive oil known to be pure, $4 per 

 gollon can be obtained, though imported 

 oil, believed to be largely adulterated 

 with cotton see.l oil or lard. m.-y be 

 Dbtained for half the money. The berries 

 3ell for fifty cents a gallon, and on- 1 man 

 ^an eather from 150 to :!."id imiiiids si duv 

 It is now stated on good authority tin. 

 another important railroad move \vil 

 shortly be made, being the extension d 

 the Denver and Rio Grande railroad iron 

 Frisco, in Utah, to the Calico mining dis- 

 trict, in San Bernardino county, ami 

 thence to all important points in Califor- 

 nia. The object of this extern i>n, it is 

 said, is to have an outlet for the product 

 of the anthracite coal mines of Crested 

 Butte, Colorado. It is believed that coal 

 can be supplied to all J-'oiithern Califor- 

 nia at very low prices. And another oi.- 

 ject in seeking the mining districts <>l 

 Southern California is to take return 

 freights of ores to mix with the. ore* f i 



