the I >on\er smelter.;. Ueiinito news " s te 

 the intentions of the Denver and \i\n 

 linmde it is believed will be in de public 

 in a few days. With a direct line through 

 to Colorado a valuable section of San 

 Diego's " back country 



rconiiniinie;>. 

 xT^Olive Plantii 1 ,;;. 



^^^diS 



taught by observations in the countries 

 of Europe and Asia where it has been 

 ; for centuries are evidently outlined 

 as follows : 1st, a semi tropical climate. 

 A temperature of 14 degrees is said to bf 

 fatal to them, and it were better if thr 

 limit were never reached. 



2. The olive loves the air of the sea, 

 not close to the shore but from live to 

 fifty miles aivay where the winds are 

 I, at tempered. No tree is more 

 sensitive to chilling winds than the oil 

 and torrid summer heats are equally un- 

 favorable. 



;'.. The soil must be dry, not permit- 

 ting water to stand on or near the sur- 

 face ; hence that of gravelly nature is the 

 best. We have all of these conditions in 

 Santa Clara county. Wo have the cli- 

 mate everywhere. We are exactly the 

 proper distance fruin the sea. We are 

 protected from winds, and never have 

 the extreme heat of valleys farther in- 

 land. Of soils we have many thousands 

 of acres exactly suited. Almost all of 

 our mountain lands, much of the foot- 

 hill country, and many locations in the 

 even valley are suitable for planting. 

 KO IllKlOATIOS Y 



Is ever required, and lands that must 

 be irrigated are not desirable, and we do 

 not, believe- that success will even attend 

 .-;lt are on such lands. The olive roots 

 vn deep into the soil, and wi'l creep 

 down between the crevices of rocks even, 

 preferring to find the proper moisture far 

 below the surface. 



THE PRODUCTS 



Of the olive trees are oil and the fruit 

 preserved as a 'pickle. Pickled olives are 

 made both from the arc-en fruit, and that 

 which is mature. As picked from the 

 trees the olive is not eatable. Prepared 

 iby soaking in alkaline water, and preser- 

 ved in strong brine, there results an 

 article of food, more and more sought 

 after 'is it becomes known. People ac- 

 quire a taste for pickled olives in a short 

 time. They are very appetizing and 

 nourishing, and seem to impart vigor 

 id energy. A slice of bread, a dozen 

 lives and a tiny glass of wine make a 

 inch that cannot be surpassed. 

 The oil is in use everywhere, and so 

 real is the demand for it, that there are 

 ot olives enough in the whole world to 

 upply it, and as a consequence, cotton 

 eed oil, peanut oil, and other vegetable 

 oils are bottled and sold for pure mater- 

 ial. People will have the pure oil if 

 they can get it, and will pay almost any 

 price for it. Mr. E. E. Goodrich OWIHT 

 the largest orchard in Santa Clara county, 

 partly planted twenty years ago and en- 

 larged from lime to time, till it now 

 comprises 80 acre*. He makes both oil 

 and pickles, the latter selling at. fifty 

 rents' per gallon, and the former at $6. 



It does noi require an extensive plant! 

 to take care of the crop. A few tanks 

 for pickles; a simple grinding mill, cou- I 

 Sisting of a large stone lolling on its edge 

 on a circular lied, with a small horse 

 power for its propulsion ; a small but 

 powerful oil press, and tanks of brick- 

 work lined with marble, comprise the 

 outfit for manufacture. 



VARIETIES ANI> PLANTING. 

 The Mission olive has been grown hero 

 for a hundred years and is good both for 

 oil and pickles. The Picholine olive has 

 [been planted some of late, and Mr. John 

 Rock, the present manager of* the Cali- 

 fornia Nursery Company at Niles, has 

 secured some new varieties which mil 

 only come into bearing (vithin to 01 

 three years after planting but seem t< 

 possess all the qualities required of a 

 good olive. Olives are propagated by 

 cuttings, pieces ot large limbs or any- 

 thing taking root freely. 



The present practice seems to be to 

 lant the trees and to plant vines at. the 

 same time. At two years the vines begin 

 . to yield their fruit, and will more than 

 pay for the cost and care of the whole 

 i by the time the olives come to bearing, 

 which will be in four to six years. The 

 vines are then to be removed as fast as 

 I they are in the way of the proper develop- 

 ment of the trees, until the olive is 

 producing; full crops, when they may be 

 all removed. Olive trees require good 

 cultivation, careful pruning, and spray- 

 ing occasionally to keep them free from 

 scale. 



A LONG LIVED TREE. 



Once planted the olive tree will grow 

 and bear fruit for a century. If the toj 

 becomes too large it can be cut down to a 

 mere stump and the whole renewed with 

 new and vigorous wood. The tree grows 

 about twice as fast in California as il 

 does in Europe. According to past ex- 

 perience in six or eight years from plant- 

 in;,;, amounting, at present prices, to full} 

 jlO per tree or 800 to 1000 per asre. 



NO DAXCEU of OVKR n:o].ui;TioN. 

 There can be no possible danger of 

 overproduction. California is the only 

 place in the United States which seems 

 adapted to olive culture. Oregon has too 

 much rainfall, and in most places is liable 

 to be too cold in winter. Of the count 

 ries bordering us, Mexico is probably to. 

 hot in summer, except in the northerr 

 portion. With this limited area for pro- 

 duction, and the fact that the. imports 

 into the" United States from Europe 

 amount to half a million gallons, with a 

 constantly increasing demand for a pure 

 article, there is no reason why there 

 should not be A market for every gallon 

 th'-it can be produced on every acre in the 

 btate of California that is adapted to 

 olive culture. The harvest comes from 

 mber to March, a season during 

 which there is no rush of other work, 

 and enabling orchardists to keep their 

 trusted hands the year round. 



The wood is very haul, with a beauti- 

 ful grain, and susceptible of a high polish, 

 adapting it to the manufacture of orna- 

 mental articles. 



\Ve therefore advise such of our people 

 as have hind* in suitable localities to 

 make arrangements to plant a few aerea 



liven. Ji ne culture in tins (State has 

 passed beyond the bounds of experiment 

 and the prospect for financial success is as 

 well assured as with fruit or vines. 

 Besides this it introduces an element of 

 diversity in our productions which is 

 always desirable in any country. Wt 

 believe the main reliance should be placed 

 on the production of oil, yet the use of 

 the pickled olive is increasing every year, 

 particularly, among our own people ai 

 they become accustomed t.. *' : 



OLIVE (TLTIKK. 



A :!emarkal>l*.> Handy , LVoVflo, Valu- 

 able and Lona-limI Tree. 



Its Cultivation Well Adapted to the 

 Sn Jonqutn Valley T.amls and Ad- 

 jacent Foothill Region. 



ts,-T' 



S/4 " ' 

 The cultivation ol the olive is a metier 



that has received a considerable amount 

 of space in these colnms, as the region 

 is well adapted to the growth of tins 

 valuable tree. The following art. 

 which is an extract from a private letter 

 from William A. Lawson to Dr. L. M. 

 Agard, will well repay reading : . 



"I have read Mr. Whitney's articles 

 on olive culture, and have been sur- 

 prised to find him expressing the opinion 

 that it is wrong to plant our best land 

 in olives. Does it not seem r 

 that if it pays to grow the olive at all, 

 one should choose the land best suited 

 to the purpose? The truth is that - 

 is a great deal of land in the foothills 

 that will scarcely support any othri 

 profitable tree than the olive, hut it by 

 no means follows, for that reason, that 

 better land should not be devoted to th< 

 tree. The fact that the olive is planted 

 on the steep slopes of the Alpes-Mari- 

 times, whore costly terracing has t 

 resorted to, is rather an indication of 



else-: 



Of course the oraneecould not bo grown 

 in such sitivtti.- ' in ' is! 



irrigation. Besides, those mountain 

 slopes are manured at great cos 

 labor, the peasants toiling up (lit 

 races with baskets of fertilizers upon 

 their backs. 



Mr. Whitney seems to 1, >kcd 



the well-established faet. that olives grown 

 on hill-sides yield a finer quality of oil 

 (than those grown on valley land, a 



i to induce p 

 the rougher lands. Goo.l drainai 



i a ] t,. the- olive, and bottom lands 

 are, hence, unsuited to the tree. 



You remember the letters from Si it 

 liffe that appeared in 



net year, relative to the olive:' 

 Writing from France he said that tin 

 ilive is there more profitable (" in an 

 irdinary state of prosperity 

 ereala or vine. And be wei 

 ..ith the sp 

 ing the subject ot ol'n 



It is possible, ns Mr. Whitney say-. 

 that the duty on olive oil will - 

 later be taken oil'. But the 

 true of wine and br.indy, ra- 

 nnts. oranges, lemons, prunes and other, 

 pni'l'i ml and vineyard. And? 



his ;\rgiiin.-nt, sippli.-d t,. the olive, ofj, 

 c I'lipptiti"!! with li : labor ul 



the \a<y 



- 



