

n to 



uT a. 

 i by 



or's 

 rve their divinities. 



In a 



: it must stand 

 aiatJRr i- 



- 



posed 



ta of preparing ihe 

 known at this early 



c 



>v./wer to dry his oliv I" a 'cr- 



onlj ! .'iic':, 



that no peculiar or 



uay 1)0 communi IP oil 



. ii.h any sulxstnn pro- 



done 



hall 



atnr 



iwingduy 



ough 



i on t!" 







nen! 



; ten v 



Th 

 idapt* 









rich 

 ^land in v ! 



.eviT 



v'rtst and increasing dtaiumd for the vavi' 'ii 



limited competition 

 tin] ila 



:!d he a million 

 iono. The more tlie 



will ti 

 I'ur ti.U '! i':'.r :.;. IK. 



viKij) .\M> i-iionr OF OLIVES. 



1 have not sooner answered 



Whitney's application because I did not 

 like to offer only new hypotheses and 

 suggestions, but wanted to state facts. 

 It might have seemed doubtful if Mr. 

 Cooper reallv received net returns of 

 $SOO an acre for his olives. T received a 

 low .lays ago some information from 

 Mr. Cooper on that point. 11;; does no! 



nre either the olives or the oil, bui 

 weighs all the olives in and counts the 

 bottles out. By keepintr separate a. lev 

 years ago a seven-year-old orchard, h< 

 found that the trees, iarg" and small 

 vieided 122 pounds on the average, and 

 thai in. ."ii; pounds were needed lor om 

 larsre bottle of oil. This gives 1 1 ' L . 

 bottles to the tree, or in round numbers 1 

 if 12, as the bottles \\etv sold twelve for 

 $i:>. The expenses amount to twenty- 

 live per cent, which leaves net returns- 1 

 of if!) a tree. If the trees are twenty feel 

 apart, or 100 to the acre seven-year-old 

 trees, however, have room and liirh! 

 enough even at twelve feet distant, or 

 :!00 to the acre there is a net return o;' 

 ^!)72 an aero without counting the 

 pomace, which was fed to the pigs after 

 i the second pressing. Last year Mr. 

 t'ociper says lie had a small crop, and 

 12'.. poundsyatare needed to tin' bottle. 



The next aueslion is, may we count 

 on the Califorhj&.foothills for a similar 

 regular crop, first in olives, then in 

 money ? In a former article I mentioned 

 an eight-year-old tree, near Auburn, 

 which yielded sixty-eight pounds. Mr. 

 .Whitney calls it an exceptional tree. 

 'Well, it is an exceptional tree, since it 

 had no irrigation, and, standing close to 

 the road, little cultivation, and it is 

 rooted in very shallow ground, where 

 the bedrock comes up to within eight 

 inches of the surface. With ordinarily 

 deep ground, irrigation the first year, 

 and due cultivation, we may expect 

 much higher returns. How is it, then. 

 that Mr. Whitney's trees averaged onlj 

 4") 1 ., pounds'.' Auburn Correspondent 

 Placer Herald. 



Koiuo I.M-i.vi,,,; in, -is ou !><<( r<l 



MIIII ii-. <.,.,>.. n. i;i c Uon llx'.v 



Maiii-e it | M AM* Minor-Mr. Van 



I l.t'nnt>| Ijjis SuiiK'ilaniM J-'ni liter lo 

 Say Atoi.ut !(,.' ty r ... ,. 



'7.'CA-<'(' ~ L / ' V^Cxy 



i EDITOR AKQUS Finding my coni- 

 uuinictUion of Febiuary 23d la.it in 

 your pi.pr-r of the 24th, I conclude it 

 W:;S acceptable and J will make an- 

 : ;<n.-mpi Tt the same line, hop- 

 ing I will not be considered oslenta- 

 tmu in doing so. I \\i-\\ fust to 

 ciunct a mi.-tuke which occurid in one 

 place in liu.t uriicle. Y'our type made 

 me suy that "citrus trees become 

 common and more plentiful as you 

 proceed noi.tb " II should bo as yuu 

 proceed south." '//^ 



'J'bere are some grceral causes tie- 

 eensaj-y to note, btHid.-s elitllale, Ihat 

 iiilliHM cen the L'Ultivutinn of tvriin 

 fuiiUt in dillere-t localities in Auia 

 MiLor. The expense of tr:in.-porla- 

 lion, tlie oppression of in>- ayiicuilu- 

 lul cluss, the Wuiit ol tnttrprise and 

 tlie old r.iti of custom are some of 

 i hem.. Ti nuspiii lipu is mostly done 

 ou beat-is of burden; euiuels, horse-, 



mules aud donkeys. J,, ,|,e i orthern 

 pnrt wagon* with md id wooden wheels 

 drawu by oxen are also used. The 

 expense of transporting pioduce a 

 hundred or more miles is fruiueully 

 greater than Uie original valjie. 



The tax^tJre sold by the Turkish 

 Goveruiueiif to ti ; .j hi-b t .,t bidder 

 who has tli-'ii authority and pouer to 

 levy the tux. This Iliey do with U() 

 Cement baud, getting all they can to 

 be got by opprts=ioii, abuse, and fear. 



^10 redress from tile abuse ai;d i.p. 

 (precsiou of il ie luling c.a.-.-; thut 

 Iheie is no encouragoiueut iu pro-- 

 Itss and enlefpri.-e, no new iileas aie 

 devub'ptd by emulation, succtss and 

 enterprise of others, but on the con- 

 trary ihe old ruts ot custom are fol- 

 lowed an the gure.t and sulist Hguins; 

 awakening thecnpidliy of their rniers 

 For example, the cullivaliou of rai- 

 iu grapes baa beeo Uevelujed vety 

 much around the Bay of Smyrna anU 

 iuctriaiu loculiues in ihe Aiul.ip.-la- 

 go by tue deOiaLd (or tl:u Iruii in j;,i- 

 rope and tlie lucnjiies of shipping 

 tliese localities bll'-ud, wlnle gmpt. 8 

 for >vjne used in the cuuulry u re 

 raisid iu other places ojore remote 

 t.oiii '.lie cou.-t. Ine olive tries aie 

 eiiber old trees or gralis ou the wild 

 stock, which wtl-e .tti on clearing Ihe 

 laud. It is not tbe custom ot the 

 couuiry to plant oicbuidj of olive 

 trees and they are not found excepi 

 tuooe planted l.y enterpiislnjj Euro- 

 pe-jiiH, reeidei.ts of tbe country, and 

 this, tbotigb tbeoiive is a necessity to 

 lo the natives and olive wil a u article 

 of borne cousuuiplioii, as of expori. 

 Tobhow this uioie apparently u i 

 utcessa.y to stale the va.ue loe nu- 

 livta plucti on ibe tree aud the fiuit. 



i..c OHM. is iiiosliy ealeu WLeii 

 ripe, or put u, in ui>i. wun sail 

 kept tor winter u=t. Tlio usiilves 

 tuaiie a pjeal of olives and bread. Tl.e 

 owneis ot olive trees put Ui.m up for 

 home use and pack them tor sale. 

 You i. >. i he in at native gruceiies 

 especially iu town put up lu hogs- 

 iieads as described above aod ibtre li.e 

 meciianic mill coiuuiou luOoier supplies 

 Uie needs of his family, li.e best on 

 extracted horn n, is used lor cookiug 

 purposts, us bulier in used iu ll.is 

 Uotiutiy. It is a.u used ill aalad wait 

 vinegar. Tlie Infill. ii 1 Ki'ui is ustil ii> 

 lamps. Tbe reader will rcii.cmliei 

 lu cotini'Cll MI with thin the hciip'.uic 

 pal able ot tbe w ibe and foollah v i r t . i i s. 



The grind stones or mills put, in 

 motion generally by women ami 

 cbildien are the public propel ty ol 

 the village u round which Ibe olive 

 trees are Uuu.d. Tue Iiun.-poi talion 

 ot oil is doue iu skin bottles ou bt-nsl,- 

 ol buiden, by placing a buttle on eucli 

 idu of tbe pack-saddle. Tliese are 

 the bottles referred lo by Christ, 

 Mullu w IX 17. 



Tbe possession cf olive trees is re- 

 giudid a good deal like tbe possession 

 ol a cow in tins country, Dial is, an 

 economy to tue huiiai-hc-ld and us 

 piovidiug a cheap uitan^'of sub.-is 

 teuce. 



The olive tree attains a very old aye, 



