the immense consumfJfibn ' that 



joyed by its product in all the civilized, ci) 



11 the surpl 



required for the successful cultivation 

 of that tree which the Indians call "a 

 mine on the surface of the earth." The 

 meantemp' .-e for the year must be 

 as warm as 57 jgs. 17-100. The mean 

 temperature for the coldest month must 

 be as warm at degs. 5-100, and at no 

 time must th<- -ermometer fall and re- 

 main at 18 degt s below freezing. 



E SHO'VINO MEAN TEMPEBATUBE IN 

 OL^ ,'KODUCINQ BEGIONS. 



1, th> 'urpose of comparing the 1 - 

 above named pla- 

 California with those of regions 

 which the product of the olive is 



40 cents per gallon, 

 , mrnibi '' $1? per tree. Fifty 



parts of the world, it will be readily^ , s O f average crop to the tree at 

 understood why Columelle, Parmentier, twelve years from the planting of the 

 and so many other famous agriculturists orchard would be a. low estimate ami 

 of past and present generations have tliis amount would make six and a quar- 

 called it "The first of all trees," and ter gallons of ". Ellwood Cooper gets 

 why the Italians, whose oil production $10 a gallon ic' .is oil. Increased pro- 

 eeds that of any other country, have ^^ ^^^ 

 popularized the. proverb that we should gH PJ8J ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^_ 

 never tire of repeating in California: [i(jlf ' for expenses and interest on invest- 

 " An. olive plantation is a -gold mine onjht ^^ and you have tjv , net Bum o f $450 

 faceofllmeiH'lli." pur acre as net profit. Mr. Loop has 



j^^THE^oj-fVE TJ f A^a / jbeen offered 80 cents a gallon for all the amom? the articles of the first agricnl- 



The culture of the onW'i' (pickled olives he can prepara for market, tural and commercial importance, I 



fruit-growing industry which is . Q{ the ^^ {uture whicb Wa j t8 t h c have compiled from Blodgetfs Climatol- 



infancy in Santa Barbara a U 'culture of the olive on this coast there og V the mean anuua 1 and the mean win- 



the Pacific coast, yet we believe t i ^ ^ ^ doubt Wg are gtin in the ter % em p 6r atures, as also the mean tern- 



few years it will become one < ost imeutal - n f olive culture ^erature of the coldest month of the 



important, as well as profitable B ^ dg about where the raisin industry following prominent places m Italy, 



horticultural enterprise with us, as it is ago.-Santa- Barbara 1,,^- HP*. **" Franoe - *** and 



with many countries in the south of j / / Palestine. 



Europe, whose chief revenue is derived ouvic . 



from the exports of olive oil and pickled 



^lives. " Santa Barbara's production proacb i ng| we would again urge our 

 within the past few months has just , ner8 to Bet out olive cuttings. We don't 1 

 doubled in value, which alone speaks for belicve t h er e is any country better ^ c j- 

 its superiority over other oils. The San adapted to olive culture than Sonoma M.adHd.. 

 Joaquin valley Ketua-res, in speaking of county . it grows from the cutting and 

 the matter, says : The olive tree is dis- after t he second year requires but little 

 tinguished for its great longlivity and attent i on . It will grow for centuries and ^ 



vitality. A tree in the garden of the ^ ear } ru it. It will thrive, too, on ^^^ KINI) OF 8OIIi THK OLITK BEO.UIBES. 

 Vatican at Rome is said to be a thousand i and that will hardly produce anything This tree will grow in almost any soil 

 years old. During the Greek revolution ela6) butj O j cours e, the richer the land excep t that containing much moisture, 

 the Turks cut down the olive trees and j lb _ e more tbr jfty the tree will be. It will Marsh .tates "that it prefers a light 

 burned the stumps, with the result that bear i n this climate about as soon as the warm ground, but does not thrive in 



about four years, and when in rich alluvial land, and grows well on 



jy \JLjl* Ei^fw *** ~*-f- / ^ 



,1,,. ,,u*.n for tr,.., planting is a[.- 



far- , 



Mesn of Mean of tern 

 tempera- Derature for 

 tuts for " 

 year 



tne winter 



6D.05 

 60.03 

 69.03 

 28.03 

 (11.01 

 68.03 

 64.03 

 62.05 

 66.08 



Mean tem- 

 perature of 

 the, coldest 

 months. 



"46.07 

 49.06 

 43.02 

 45.02 

 52.05 

 45.02 

 61.02 

 49.06 

 58.05 



4K.OO 

 47.04 

 41.02 

 43.02 

 51.04 

 43.02 

 6302 

 47.04 

 67.C3 



three years thereafter the shoots from 



the scarred stumps commenced to give a 

 crop. 



It has generally been supposed that 

 the olive rather prefers a rocky and 

 somewhat barren soil, in Europe it 

 certainly nourishes in places a cactus 

 vould hardly grow, but Mayor Utt says 

 mistake to presume that 



plum, _. 



bearing no ordiMftry a uit tree will equal hilly and rocky surfaces." Rernay days 



it as to the constant yield or profit. And""** Jt thrives imd is mo9 ' P ro ' ifio , in 

 there is another satisfaction about it^ry calcareous schistous.sandy and rocky 

 pure olive oil is in such demand all over" natlons - T he land must be natur- 

 ",. ".,.-,.-_.i ,.,!,, v, n f *^ m , , ir ally or artificially drained. Its great 



enemy is excess of moisture. It rejoices 



the civilized world that there is nc 



on barren soil 



t is a great 



,he olive can be grown 



md without fertilizers. 



.iberally and use it to 



legree, supplant the lack of irrigation. 



The olive is a voracious feeded, and will 



. . . . 



danger of a glut m the market 



mechanical looseness of sandy, 



) 

 again, the pickled olives are m demanc gravelly flnd gtony soil8! and jn freedom 



f^iavciiy nun OWLLJ CHJIIO, 4*111.1 m J.J.C^U.ULU 



everywhere. Again we urge our farmer! from fetaRnant nature." Brande states 

 to plant olive trees. It is a handson* that it only growa well , nd yle]da larfie 

 ! i tree for shade, and in a few years fron cropg u in a warm and comparatively dry 

 3 lime of planting, if you have a few acres climate." Dr. Robinson says; "It de- 

 of them, will make you rich. Com lights in a stony soil, and thrives even 

 mence with a few and increase as yoi O n the sides and tops of rocky hills, 



appropriate enough plant food during the vovf o ider and wiser. Petaluma Courier where there is scarcely any earth; herce 



./* OLIVE OULTTJKE. 



The Climate Required. The Kind of Soil 

 in Which the Olive Will Thrive, 

 and the Quantity of Hois- / 

 ture .it Requires. 



^^"' ' r^y 

 . B. & BEDDING] 



Geogra- 



months of winter moisture to carry it 

 nrough the dry summer season, provid- 

 ed there is an abundant food supply 

 ready for storage and assimilation. The 

 Mission is generally recommended for oil 

 and the European for pickling. The lat- 

 ter is preferable for propagation, as the 

 small limbs will serve for cutt'ngs, and. [BY THE LA' 

 and will root where a Mis' jn ex.. Humboldt in his work on the 

 ting will fail. European olives ripen two phical Distribution of plants, says that 

 months in advance of the Mission olives/ the olive (Olea Europea) requires a 

 Trees should be planted in an "f\hard climate of a mean temperature for the 

 and cuttings in a nursery. Plan* Iessi veara 8 warm as 57 degs. 17-100 Fahr- 

 than thirty-six feet apart, or you wtl) re- enueit > nnd the mean of the coldest 

 gret it in after year. Remember m month not to be below 41 degs. 5-100- 

 plantin^that the olive root is more sen- The . area on the earth's surface with 

 sitive to exposure than the orange. The * ' isotherm l of 55 degs. are oompar- 

 olive is easily budded or grafted, as there atlvel y ver y limited where the mean of 

 is no trouble in obtaining varieties.' the )ldest mon ^ is but 16 degs. below 

 Small, one-year-old trees can be bought 

 for 25 cents or less each. The roots of 

 trees should always be puddled before' 



shipping, and great care taken against the coldest month must not bTTefow 

 lure. The business of propagating 41 degs. 5-100, yet it will live and bear 

 the trees should be left to the nursery- eight degrees more than the orange 

 men, except in a case where a party can- Geo. P. Marsh, who has given much 

 not afford to buy trees. auention 'to the habits and requirements 



When it comes to profit, olive-growera of *' 1 ' s tree.says that when the themom- 

 can show figures that should satisfy the eter falls to 1* degs. Fahrenheit, or 18 

 most exacting. Major Utt has an olive degs ' bel w freezlng.and remains -' this 

 orchard of twenty-five bearing trees, P mt for an y considerable period, the 

 Planted in orchard seven years to include' shoota are killed and the fruit of .' i 

 1886; the product from ten of them last f fcaS n destroved - Thus, so far as R 

 year was 7.VJ gallons of olives. He sold to ohmate > we haTe the condition! 



mean f r , t . he 7 h ! e f ar - In this 

 fl n " 8he8 a " d 



the expression in the Bible, "oil out of 

 the flinty rook." Hillhouse, in his ar: . 

 ticle on the tree in Michaux's<SVh>a,says 

 "The olive accomodates itself to al-l 

 most any variety of soil, bnt it shuns 

 ^.redundancy of moisture, and prefers 

 loose calcareous, fertile lands, mingled 

 with stones, such as the territory of At- 

 tica and South of France. TLa quality' 

 of its fruit is essentially affected by that 

 of the soil. It succeeds in good loam 

 capable of bearing wheat, but in fat 

 lauds it yields oil of an inferior flavor, 

 and becomes laden with a barren exu- 

 berance of leaves and branches. The 

 temperature of the climate is a consid- 

 eration of more importance than the 

 nature of the soil." Downing, in wri- 

 ting of this tree in Southern Europe, 

 says: "A few olive trees will serve foi 

 the support of an entire family who 

 would starve on what could otherwise be 

 raised on the same surface of soil, and 

 dry crevices of rocks and almost other- 

 wise barren soils in the deserts, when 

 planted, with this tree, become flourish- 

 ing and valuable places of habitation. 



ITS ADAl'TABILITY TO THE DBY PLAINS OI 

 THE INTEBIOB OP THE STATE. 



From this evidence it would seem tha( 

 in the olive we have a tree that can bf 

 grown on our dry plains and naked hilli 

 sides. In the Eastern hemisphere itt 

 limits of profitable cultivation are as fai 

 north_ as the South of France, and as fai 



