Let us begin 



the reproduction 



' rectly i- 

 risk "( 



south as Cairo, in Egypt. Wherever ot 



He coast, from San Diego to Monterey, by th. 

 and wherever in the interior of the State I4 muat be first understood that nu 



within the limits of the temperature sta' ' ! 1? >rrowu hils U) bc gn>1 



tpd fh<-o ;<, , f ,, " *' .otherwise remain a wilil tree, 



ted, there is an annual fall of rain snf- givi- thus hut a poor and small pr- 



ncent to produce barley or wheat-on '' l; " the other hand it i 



rocky hills or sandy plains, when one, ' tm , . 



rOOTPM fllia Tfdd ntill *-! *" ' * "" *3 IIIV-'IU V IK *_1 V Li J . 11413 il t I i ~ ". i i -' 



.td this tree will thrive and bear, mor ..sting mMfr , resitts better cold j 1 '' be ir-vsplanted, winch will re. 

 *or the valley, its extreme northern, weal .er, anePrriess delicate cm the j 1 ' te chances ot growth, 



limit is at Redding, for at Fort Reddine clloice of sclil '" '" those grown from v 

 but twelve miles distant and with one X, . ? "I^lyT useln'thc 



,s of .urope. 

 n the olive tree is so robust 



oi.ivi: rri.TVRE. 



on the ot' .Mid, li: 

 pmced iii nursery .1, {.inference to 

 much siuatler cuttings, their t:.j 

 will be so developed, even only :.<ter a 

 that through the medium of a - vuar Stay therein, that it wi 



: more vigorous, has a necessary -o cut it back when they arc 



VnoCn i- Vurscr.v 

 in > 



l i-li. <l 



'Tin' 

 ;-I>( n I i 



hundred and sixtee.i feet greater ele- oYive'rc^ 

 vation, the meronry.in the thermometer J!u ' 



in 



fell to 11 degs. in December, 1886 whi i b ""';-! little scrupulous, with 

 --- ' w "i gard to the choice of soil, enjoys sucl- ' 



would be fatal. 



THE OLIVE LIMITS IN THE SACBAMENTO, 

 SAN JOAQUIN AND TULABB BASIN. 



remarkable longevity, and has no c-\- 

 cessive cold weather to fear in Oaiifor- 

 nm. should it be raised by us from the 



reduce 

 ._. and 



dst make them languid and 

 n year or two. ilut the 

 smaller- he cuttings, are when placed 

 ,iurs;-ry Hie less will be the 

 at transplantation within !i 

 t disturbing thci- rneit system 

 will necessarily ue h ss devcl- 

 'ped. 



These smaller cuttings, fro., i six to 

 is long, are generally raised 



seed instead of the cutting, wh n by '"boss under glass, where they take 

 3 two lines starting from the first mode we have to wait ten o'r ver y readily; or in open ground in 



Redding, which has an elevation of five 



hundred and twenty-eight feet, one on fotlr or nve years by the second. 



twelve years for the product again-:! !" lri; 'ry when from eight to twelve- 



inches long; but there their growth is 



the west side of the Sierra and the other 



on the east side of the Coast Hange,grad- 



ually ascending as latitude is decreased 



until they meet at Fort Tfcjon, in the ti'. 



Tehachape mountains at an elevation of 



3,240 feet, we would have the probable of reproduction. 



Moreover," grafting which becomes ver y precarious. When ready for 

 indispensable wh.fr ihe tree is raised ! r , a! ', s P IaIltatl011 within a year the 



jHui>.uciiHuic wujgr iue tree is ruiaeti ------- ' ** " c>1 * me 



frolu the seed, giving it thus additional whole root system can be taken with 

 vi or, cim iu-t >ts v.'tll, if so d-sitvd, be ''"-' so " adhering to it and placed in 

 a- lied to the tree grown from the : '.'- lho ground without disturbing it, and 







without losing therebv the ad- 'specially 

 derived from this'last mode " 



I consider this fast 

 t who pronounce, himself in portance, for it is 



without exposing' it to 



ast point of great im- 

 well known that all 



limits in the Sacramento valley and ad-i favor of the s'ced,YeIl's"us"that"t'h'c. plant cve-rs.een trees, whoso vege 

 jacent mountains below which the olive has to remain at least seven years- in ''early always active, are of a i 



tation is 



nursery, and that fter oei'iig grai'ted h cult transplantation. The slightest e;^ 



re. mires three more years before it be- Pure of their roots tothea;r render 



gins to bear fruit tue starting in their new places very 



Hevnaud tells us also that he hag doubtful. Any one who has had occa- 



Ihis tree when once planted, is plan- g <. e n'in I- ranee, inlthe county of \r- "ion to transntot eucalyptus, laurels, 



could be successfully cultivated. 



ANTIQUITY OS THE OLIVE. 



ted practically forever. Some trees in 

 Europe still bearing, from the record of 

 the tax-roll, are knov n to be older than 

 four hundred years. It stands neglect 

 and abuse, but repays neglect by onlj 

 bea-ing on alternate years. In the South 

 of France by cultivation and pruning it 

 bears every year. It can be propagated 

 from cuttings of the branches of roots, 

 from layers, from suckers, from the 

 little knots or excrescences that form on 



the tree near the ground, called by the 



dechc, as al:'ei 



- 



annes and in the 



--- <lr~ I 



? trees', etc., must be acquainted 

 tins tact. 



Jiyera islands, olive trees raised from 

 seed; that they were ready to bt 



grafted, but that this result had re- jrv"*' 



quired seven years. He, however, adds he I 'Mifcnix Herald, giving a few stnsi- 



thai. the reproduction of the tree by 1'ie hints on the setting out of an orange 



seed has boon found so slow that it orchard: 



* ' TVi 



o!';ill tiv<-s" i- i-c.-civillfr 

 !i! dl' n'lrnl'uin ill N;>)i:i 

 To Ml'. Ailolpllr I 1 'I:llil 'lit 



cri-ilit iniisl In- <;'ive>ii liy our peopj 

 lor v;iln;il)U' lessons Icaninl in ee>n- 

 ii.-clion willi olivi- culiiii-c. If'' <-s- 

 t;ilili.slicd :in olive jtliiillMtioil oI'li.niM) 

 lives near this i-ity :intl sU]iiileineiit- 

 eil this pi'Mi'liral |iieci- ol' \voi'k wirli 

 a mealy little volume treath 

 HIP various liranehes of the ni; 

 iluslry. He went liaeU to (lie 



ginning of creation mi'l ealleil 

 aiieii-nt < ireeee to show that 

 si, Tile lands and sioiiy hills .Irli^iil 

 to be covered with the hardy and 

 perennial olive tree." To verify 

 the statement he pointed (., his own 

 i-oeky hills and the vigorous lives' 

 lliev uiv wrowiiis'. 1 le has a nursery 

 la-re- ami furnishes cutting and ad- 

 viee win-never called upon. I 



This much l>y way of iiitnxluein.'; 1 

 another uvnileinan veis.'d in olive 

 cultnve to the community. .Mr. .). 

 A. Canl'u-ld, lately from the east, 



l.e-1 



on 



the 



' "'insupiiortof this theorv I extract hav | n B reC . Clltl - V P""*^^ ''"''''" 

 the foi lowing from a recent article of of nicely situated l.md in Hanson : 



seems pueni-i to have recourse to it. 



Aruoureux affirms that this method 

 is of nfi excessive slowness aud of very 

 little practical use. 



The greatest care must be exercised 

 fu transplanting the orange not to al- 

 '>w the small thread-like roots of the 

 ire-* to become dry, lor the moment 



. , 



Charles Ktienno and Liebault concur they do so the tree is gune. The routs 

 in saying that it istime and money lost F uust u carefully dampened till the 

 to employ this method. tr ce is safe in the grouncf. This is one 



In Elwood Cooper's treatise on "' the most important items to be ob- 

 olive culture we also tind that when the Served in transplanting." 



The olive is just as delicate to handle 



T ,-. , . - - ,, - 



Italians uavoh, and from the seeds 



the fruit. When the latter are used 



pulp should be removed from the ripe 



olive, and the seeds soaked for twenty- . 



four hours in strong lye, to soften them. Kiomlet explains to us how the nil precautions will not always secure 



They should be planted in a sheltered young olive tree, raised from seed de- success 



veloiis always a long tap-root, which The small trees, when one year old, 



place, and the ground occasionally wa- constitutes its principal and often its will develop with astonishing vigor 



tered. Planted in this State in Feb- only support; and that when trans- when planted in their permanent sites. 



their tap-roots will sink rapidly; they 

 ...: _.._. .....,._... - "' in g, drought 



more than 



narv, the younc trees would make their planting it to a permanent site, aft*r a their tap-roots will sink rt 



. long stay in a nursery, the cutting 01 w "l stand, without sulfcn 



appearance m July. The tree can be, s ^$ tap f root . wh ich then becomes in- and hot weaker, and not _. 



grafted or budded in every method used 1 dispensable, inllicts upon its system n one ' n two or three hundred will fail to 



on the apple or pear. , serious injury from which it is likelv Srow.JSotonly had I occasion to verify 



1 pear. 



OOLTUHE OF THE OLIVE TKEE. 



to sufler for years. 



It setins thus established that the 

 olive irce grown from the seed which 



does not come to the limit of full 

 age for twenty-five or thirty years. 



this, but I have also observed that 

 when so planted, without experiencing 

 any amputation eif their roots and 

 branches, they will overtake in life and 



It commences bearing in six years but 



J ts the method most generally followed 



fruit-: i n the regions of Europe where the vigor beioretwo or three years those 

 The severe winters experienced occasion- winch, planted older ami larger, have 



avfiraoo nrodnct for each tree iq stated all . v raak e it desuuble to render the had to Undergo the mutilations which 

 average product I d, ^ ^ ^ ^ possible-has to be are rendered necessary by their greater 

 at from ten to fifteen pounds of oil. kept about seven years in nursery, and oge and a consequently more developed 

 When planted for an orchard, ihe trees that at its transplantation it will e'xpe- root system. 

 are placed fifteen or twenty 'feet from rlenue sevcr e cheek which will be th</ ^ > J ^^ el " *'>oai em -v- 

 each other. Pruning increases the pro- 

 duct, and causes the tree to yield an- 

 nually, as, like the vine, it bears fruit 

 upon the wood of the preceding year. 



->i 1 1 j norj^tc VYHU iiu t tj UUL ' "ill fJ TI 11 



Cultivation of the grounds is not esseu- studfed olive culture seem to believ 1>ac y " n n S ra at age is attain 

 tial, but it increases the product. After) that this is an inevitable result. \V scarcely a limit to the life of the tree, 

 the thousands of vears that the olive had shall see by further explanations th;; ;!', lielieved to hft 2000 years old. 



01 y ea lit is not The i-oot system never wholly elies, and con- 



been cultivated, a few varieties have j A ,t us pass now to the consideratioi st;llltl . v "'-ilds up suckers that', in a state of ua- 



, 



Is it then at all surprising that a ha! orchard will 5 ive a paying erop, and there w 



generation should pass before the oliv. be a small yield for a vear or tw 

 ha^ot - 8 * - " ^^ 01 ..... 8e 



of nicely 



Addition lo Xapa, west- of the Co 

 House, has built thereon a jda.->- 

 covered building 15x36 tv-er in si/.e 

 for propagating tlie olive. The in- 

 terior shows a "line of boxing ilowu 

 the sides and one end, th<- height < 



i which when filled wiih sand is ih-H 

 of an ordinary table. The In. 

 twelve inches deep, perforated al th| 

 bottom with holes and rilled witji 

 line. Sai) .loae|iiin sand. In this 



: sand a number of hands were busy 

 yesterday planting I'.",'"" 1 cuttings 

 'jusi received from Hie nursery of \V. 

 A. ila.Mie, Jr., in Santa Barbiira 

 county. Ass i as these ciutiiit;- 



aiv rwidy for transplanting they wd: 



! IK- set oiit in nurserv on ground pre 

 pared for them. Mr. Can field Iue 

 taken pains lo M-CUIV the very cholffl 

 est cuttings and is eontident that 

 the olive indtistrv will prove <-ne o: 

 the most popular and lucrat 

 known to Califoniia horticulture 

 It makes possible Ihe utilization < 

 hill'-ides heretofore considered 

 reii ami promises rich, returns 

 lho>e who follow it. 



Mr. I'anlield will build a horrt 

 for himself and family on the f\ 

 which is also lo serve as a mns.\ 

 ind permanently settle here, 

 are glad to welcome him : 

 and to sjftV I here is room 

 Who would deyvl. 



before tl!' resouiyes. 



1 produced. Where Du Broulli Keynaud and 'many othi 



young trees are raised from the seeds, that a cutting coming from "an oiiv 

 they are invariably budded or grafted trt ; hat has been grafted, and of gooi 



orange 



during 



remain a source of 



revenue for 

 haulier tree than the 



, 

 from some of these well-known varieties, \ \V. orilI1 S c ' U Avi11 | - tu1 " 1 ten " r nvl ' lvo more 



the chances are very remote that ?u, "from grafteTfre^ i^ ^ derive > r " OK f , C ?>'nn? C 



. - -ri\<. va ti on O f 2000Seetormo 



ii'anicil up to an ele- 

 without tlie least 



ve ,>nn 



,,. v-fi u -<. va ti on O f 2000eetormoi , without 



from a thousand seedlings one would be 're-ma point below the place where ,i augel . O f injury li-om cold, and the 



found of equal value to those now cul-lfc'';,,', 1 " . this state seems to be entirely unaff 



found of equal 



THE OLIVE 



Some Practical Hints Unon 



t^.-Adoiph flmknt 

 f is 



" 



Pro 



I - 



cutting, 

 sucicers 



th'e ramined 



oot from the trunk 



crop in 



ima outu^ n^cuin tvi w i ti^relv unatfected bv 



These cuttings can be made fkft. 06t . The blossoms apnearlbout the lirst of 

 those of a vine or any other cuttinsr, May. 



only witfi this difference that the, olive An olive orchard is -nucli easier and much 

 tree being an evergreen, one or more cheaper to establish than an orange orchard, 

 sets ot leaves should ba loft on. Hooted olive cuttings one y.-.ar old can b.- 



It IS dilheult safely to cut, the large, lun^ln fur 1.1 < ( nts e'aoli. or thereabouts, wliih: 

 truncheons, because, when i JM from a first-class orange tree i-osis at least $1-10. 

 - die tree or even when cut .1 litile t6 The orange demand the olive needs 



Ireshen the buU end at plantation, none, 

 there is danger of crusl: ,g the bark, 

 which has -' 



