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of the limbs on older trees. It is called gummosis (*) 

 or gumming, or on older trees, when occurring at the 

 base and on the crown roots it is called foot-rot. 



The remedies are drainage, an application of potash 

 and cutting away the dead bark and painting the wound 

 with some antiseptic like a very weak solution of carbolic 

 acid in water, or even Bordeaux mixture. Carbolineum 

 is also used and gives good results, especially when mixed 

 with a soap solution. The pure carbolineum may burn 

 the live bark. 



Insects are treated according to the kind of damage 

 they do. Some are biting, that is they eat the foliage 

 and thay can be killed with poisons. Others are sucking 

 that is they feed on the juices of the tree or the fruit, 

 and they must be killed with contact remedies. That is 

 soap or other sticky solutions that stop up the breathing 

 pores. 



Of leaf-eating insects there are various beetles all of 

 which are more or less difficult to kill. Often the only 

 remedy is shaking the tree and collecting the beetles on 

 a sheet underneath. Of sprays, the only practical one 

 seems to be Arsenate of Lead. That can be bought ready 

 prepared and mixed with water according to directions. 

 The greatest damage is caused by beetles in the larval 

 stage. The larva, which is commonly referred to as the 

 grub, lives in the ground and feeds upon the roots. It 

 is difficult to kill, because anything that will kill it, will 



(*) Since this was written Prof. Faweett of the Florida Ex- 

 periment Station has found a fungus connected with gummosis 

 and it may in the future be classed among fungus deseases. That 

 however does not alter the treatment here recommended, but 

 pruning tools should be cleaned and washed in a 5% solution of 

 carbolic acid before using on healthy trees. 



