10 PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL REVIEW. 



Citrus vulgaria Risso. SOUR ORANGE. 

 (Seville orange, Bigarade orange.) 



A small tree, 6 to 9 meters in height, with a dense compact head; 

 young shoots light green, thorny; thorns alternate, small, sharp and 

 pointed, on older wood larger, strong, stiff; leaves unifoliate, evergreen, 

 alternate, ovate, pointed, strongly and peculiarly scented; petiole 12 to 

 18 millimeters long, broadly winged; flowers in small, axillary cymes, 

 white, strongly sweet scented, somewhat larger than those of C. aurantium; 

 calyx cupped, segments 4 to 5, blunt; petals linear oblong, conspicuously 

 dotted with oil cells; stamens 20 to 24; filaments united in groups; pistil 

 club shaped, smooth; ovary 6 to 14 loculed; fruit orange colored or fre- 

 quently reddish when well matured, inclined to be rough; rind strongly 

 aromatic, bitter; pulp acid; juice sacs spindle shaped, rather small; seeds 

 flattened and wedged toward the micropylar end, marked with ridged 

 lines. Native to southeastern Asia, probably in Cochin China. Hardier 

 than the sweet orange. 



Samples of what seems to be the sour orange have been 

 received from Davao, Mindanao. 



Citrus nobilis Lour. MANDARIN. 



A small tree 3.6 to 6 meters in height, with a dense head of upright or 

 willowy, drooping branches; bark dark brownish or streaked with gray; 

 branchlets light green or dark in color, small, slender, round or angled, 

 thornless, or provided with small sharp spines; leaves small, lanceolate 

 to oval, slightly crenate; petioles short, wingless, or with very small wings; 

 flowers terminating the branchlets or axillary, sometimes clustered, 18 to 

 25 millimeters across, sweet scented; calyx small, shallow, cupped, the 

 petals small; petals white, fleshy, recurved; stamens 18 to 23 in number, 

 shorter than the petals; pistil small, resembling that of C. aurantium; 

 ovary 9 to 15 loculed; fruit distinctly oblate, orange to reddish in color; 

 pulp sweet or subacid; juice sacs broad and blunt; seeds top shaped, 

 beaked, cotyledons pistache green; embryos one or more; sections sepa- 

 rating readily from each other and from the rind; rind thin, oil cell 

 somewhat balloon shaped or oval. Native to Cochin China. Generally 

 admitted to be somewhat hardier than the sweet orange. 



The mandarin is the only species in the genus Citrus that has 

 been at all systematically planted and cared for, even though 

 this mostly consists in the planting the trees, now and then 

 the clearing away of the weeds with cutlasses and the harvesting 

 of the fruit. Nevertheless the quality of the fruit is uniform 

 and very good. 



The mandarin district of the Philippines is confined to a small 

 area principally around Santo Tomas and Tanauan, in the Prov- 

 ince of Batangas, and, excepting imported fruit, all mandarins 

 marketed in the Philippines are grown in the above-mentioned 

 region. Scattered trees are found in most parts of the Archi- 

 pelago. Aside from the tizon, which is described later, and 



