LAND AND WATER. 21 



hand, is called Europe. In the same hemisphere 

 are situate three other parts of the world, ASIA, 

 AFRICA, and part of AUSTRALIA. In the hemi- 

 sphere on the left lie AMERICA and part of Aus- 

 tralia. We live in America. 



You find upon a map outlines of countries, with 

 their names, and the names of their principal cities. 

 The names of countries are distinguished by capi- 

 tal letters. Black crooked lines show the courses 

 of rivers, and dark patches in the midst of the land 

 are large lakes. Land surrounded by water is 

 called an island ; and land nearly surrounded by 

 water is called a peninsula. 



HILLS, MOUNTAINS, MINES, CAVERNS. 



In most parts of the earth there are hills and 

 mountains. Some of these are composed wholly 

 of stone, which is useful to man for many purposes. 

 In different places, both the hills, which rise above 

 the ground, and the earth, which is beneath it, con- 



