CIVILIZED NATIONS. 53 



tion and skill than hunting. Their herds and flocks 

 are their only wealth. They move about from place 

 to place, and make a longer or shorter stay only in 

 situations where they meet with good pasturage. 



Other nations, which are called civilized nations, 

 (such are all those of Europe,) employ themselves 

 not only in rearing cattle, but also in agriculture, 

 and in all kinds of arts and handicraft business. 

 They dwell together in communities, in permanent 

 and commodious habitations, forming cities, towns, 

 and villages. These communities consist of persons 

 of various classes, namely, princes, nobility, gentry, 

 citizens, farmers, artisans, and others who follow 

 all sorts of trades, professions, arts, and sciences. 



Civilized nations live according to laws ; that is 

 to say, they have agreed among themselves what 

 it shall be lawful or unlawful for each person to 

 do ; and all who wish to dwell among them must 

 promise to submit to these laws and to obey them. 

 To enforce this obedience, even on the part of 

 the most ignorant and the worst disposed, they se- 

 lect a certain number of intelligent and upright 

 men, to cause obedience to be paid to the laws, 

 and to punish offenders. The persons so charged 

 are called magistrates. 



In many states a single individual possesses a 

 right to make laws and to appoint the magistrates. 

 This person is called the sovereign, or monarch 

 and has the title of emperor, king, prince, or 

 duke. The countries which are under his govern- 

 ment constitute his dominions. A state in which 



