42 LABORATORY MANUAL OF HUMAN ANATOMY 



finger is the third (digitus III., or digitus medius), the ring- 

 finger is fourth (digitus IV., or digitus annularis), and the little 

 finger is fifth (digitus V., or digitus minimus). Notice the rela- 

 tive lengths of the digits, especially the relation of the length of 

 the index-finger to that of the ring-finger. Is this constant? In 

 the hand make careful drawings of the " back of the hand" 

 (dorsum manus) and of the flattened " hollow of the hand" (vola 

 manus, s. palma), also of the " thumb side" of the hand (mar go 

 radialis) and of the " little finger side" (mar go ulnaris). In 

 each digit distinguish the facies dorsalis from the facies volaris 

 .and the margo radialis from the margo ulnaris. In the upper 

 extremity what is meant by the " proximal direction" or a 

 " proximal part"? what by the " distal direction" or a " distal 

 part"! 



In the drawings of the upper part of the trunk or chest 

 (thorax) show its relation to the belly (abdomen). In the back 

 (dorsum) look at and feel the spines of the vertebral column 

 (columna vertebralis). Number these in your drawing and pay 

 especial attention to the exact level of each and the relations of 

 other parts (e.g., scapula) to their levels. Designate the spine of 

 vertebra C. VII. separating the neck from the back. Illustrate 

 the position of the projections corresponding to the ribs (costae) 

 and number them. Note especially the rib-levels of the papilla 

 mammae and of various portions of the scapula when the arm is 

 in different positions. Draw the breast and show the depression 

 between the two breasts, the so-called bosom (sinus). Below the 

 bosom, just under the sternum, indicate the flattened so-called 

 " heart fossa" (scrobiculus cordis). Show the limits of the 

 areola mammae about the nipple, and, if Montgomery's glands 

 (glandulae areolares [Montgomerii]) are visible, picture them. 



Draw in certain lines useful in topographical anatomy : 



(1) Anterior median line (linea mediana anterior). 



(2) Posterior median line (linea mediana posterior). 



(3) Sternal line (linea sternalis), along the lateral margin of the sternum. 



(4) Mammillary line (linea mammillaris), falling perpendicularly 



through the nipple. 



(5) Parasternal line (linea par ast emails) , midway between sternal and 



mammillary lines. 



(6) Costo-articular line (linea costo-articularis) , from the sternoclavicu- 



lar articulation to the tip of the eleventh rib. 



(7) Axillary line (linea axillaris), perpendicularly from the centre of 



the fossa axillaris. 



(8) Scapular line (linea scapularis), perpendicularly through the lower 



angle of the scapula. 



