46 



LABORATORY MANUAL OF HUMAN ANATOMY 



FIG. 3. 



fascia. With the special heavy probe recommended, separate an 

 area of the superficial fascia until you encounter the trunk of a 

 blood-vessel or a nerve coming through the deep fascia from 

 below to enter the superficial fascia. It is common to find a 

 nerve, an artery, and a vein together. Carefully separate the 

 structure or structures found from the superficial fascia, tracing 



the blood-vessel or nerve as far 

 as possible and cleaning it thor- 

 oughly. In this way, isolate all 

 the superficial blood-vessels and 

 nerves in the medial and lateral 

 areas in which they occur. The 

 nerves and blood-vessels will be 

 found emerging through the 

 deep fascia. Their course and 

 ramifications in the superficial 

 fascia are to be traced out with- 

 out removing the fat or disturb- 

 ing the relations of the struct- 

 ures any more than is necessary 

 in exposing them. It should be 

 borne in mind that it is only the 

 natural relations that are of im- 

 portance, and not the artificial 

 relations due to dissection. 

 Hence each structure should be 

 studied as it is worked out, in- 

 stead of its study being deferred 

 until after it is isolated and 

 cleaned. When the cutaneous 

 nerves and vessels and superfi- 

 cial glands have been thus ex- 

 posed, a drawing of these should 

 be made ; or the drawing may be 

 made concurrently with the dissection, being then an aid to the 

 determination of the exact relations. 



The deep fascia should be cleaned (by careful removal of the 

 superficial fascia by blunt dissection) and its extent, nature, and 

 attachments studied. The fasciae should then be removed piece- 

 meal. In cleaning the surface of the muscles, place the body in 

 such a position that the muscle-fibres will be rendered tense and 

 carry the knife in the direction which permits removal of the 

 fascia with the least disturbance of the underlying muscle. Care 



Skin incisions on the posterior surfaces of the body. 



