LOWER EXTREMITY 



Introductory. 



ON the surfaces of the lower extremity mark out the regions 

 (regiones extremitatis inferioris). Make four drawings indi- 

 cating these, one anterior, one posterior, one medial, and one 

 lateral. Make use of Figs. 1 and 2 (pp. 43 and 44). 



In the thigh (femur) observe the general cylindrical shape, 

 tapering distalward, the prominence in the middle line of the 

 thigh in front due to the M. rectus femoris, and medial from this 

 another due to the M. vastus medialis, extending distalward to 

 the knee-cap. Note the direction of the streams of hairs (flumina 

 pilorum). 



At the knee (genu) observe the prominent knee-cap (patella). 

 In the leg (crus) note the general shape and the lateral and 

 medial prominences near the ankle (malleoli later alls et me- 

 dialis). 



In the foot (pes) observe the heel (calx) behind, constituting 

 part of the ankle (tarsus) ; anteriorly, the toes (digiti) ; and 

 between the ankle and the toes, the metatarsus. Among the 

 digits distinguish- 

 ed First or great toe (digitus primus, or hallux). 



(b) Second toe (digitus secundus). 



(c) Third toe (digitus tertius). 



(d) Fourth toe (digitus quartus). 



(e) Fifth or little toe (digitus quintus). 



How many phalanges has each digit? Examine the nails 

 (ungues), and distinguish (a) root of nail (radix unguis), (b) 

 free margin (mar go liber), (c) covered margin (mar go occultus), 

 (d) semilunar white area (lunula). 



On the lateral surface of the lower extremity (fades later- 

 alis) observe the hip (coxa) and thigh (femur), with the iliac 

 crest (crista iliaca) above. Note the general configuration; 

 observe the depression over the trochanter major at the upper 

 extremity of the thigh-bone. On the lateral surface of the knee 

 observe the prominent fold of skin covering the tendon of the 

 biceps muscle, and anterior to this the fold covering the iliotibial 

 band of the fascia. At the ankle the lateral malleolus (malleolus 

 lateralis) is prominent, with a depression (fossa retromalleo- 



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