122 LABORATORY MANUAL OF HUMAN ANATOMY 



laris) behind it. In the foot note that the lateral margin (mar go 

 later alis) rests on the floor when the body is erect. 



Examine the posterior surface (fades posterior) of the lower 

 extremity. Observe the prominence of the buttocks (dunes or 

 nates), separated from each other by the crena ani and from the 

 thigh by the gluteal fold (sulcus glutaeus) ; behind the knee is 

 the popliteal fossa (fossa poplitea). Examine its boundaries and 

 extent. In the leg note the prominent calf (sura), and lower 

 down the prominence due to the tendon of the calf muscles. In 

 the sole of the foot (plant a) observe the grooves in the skin (sulci 

 cutis) and the ridges (cristae cutis) between. Observe the arch 

 of the foot : it is higher on the medial than on the lateral margin. 

 Note the ball of the great toe and the eminence of the little toe. 



On the medial surface (fades medialis) of the lower extrem- 

 ity, observe the prominence due to the M. vastus medialis in the 

 thigh, that due to the malleolus medialis at the ankle, and the 

 curved medial margin of the foot (mar go medialis pedis). 



After inspection the student should resort to palpation of 

 these parts. In addition to what has been mentioned above, note 

 the groove at the groin (sulcus inguinalis) and the depression 

 in the subinguinal region corresponding to a deeper triangle 

 (fossa Scarpae major, trigonum femorale) (0. T. Scarpa's tri- 

 angle). Can you feel the superficial lymph-glands (lympho- 

 glandulae subinguinales superfidales) ? Note the mobility of the 

 skin over the patella, due to a bursa (bursa praepatellaris sub- 

 cutanea). Feel the ligament of the patella (tig amentum pa- 

 tellae) and note the mobility of the skin over it (bursa infra- 

 patellaris subcutanea). Flex and extend the knee-joint. What 

 are the limits of movement? Feel the line of the joint during 

 the movement. Palpate the condyles of the femur and of the 

 tibia. Locate the tuberosity of the tibia and note the mobility of 

 the skin over it (bursa subcutanea tuber ositatis tibiae). Feel the 

 anterior crest of the tibia. How much of it is immediately sub- 

 cutaneous ? Feel the medial surface of the tibia and the tendons 

 of the extensor muscles of the foot. In the front of the foot find 

 the rounded bony prominence of the anterior end of the heel- 

 bone (calcaneus), three or four centimetres anterior to the malle- 

 olus medialis. Just anterior to this note the depression indi- 

 cating the position of Chopart's transverse joint of the ankle 

 (articulatio tarsi transversa [CJioparti]) . 



Run the finger along the iliac crest. Feel the sciatic tuber- 

 osity (tuber iscMadicum) and also the greater trochanter (tro- 

 chanter major) ; note the mobility of the skin over the latter 



