268 LABORATORY MANUAL OF HUMAN ANATOMY 



anastomotic ramus connecting the facial with the glossopharyn- 

 geal nerve (ramus anastomoticus cum N. glossopharyngeo}. 

 From which branch of the N. facialis does it come? Cut through 

 the A. carotis externa at a point just inferior to the terminal 

 bifurcation into the A. temporalis superficial and the A. maxil- 

 ]aris interna; cut through also the A. auricularis posterior and 

 the A. occipital is at their origins and turn the A. carotis externa 

 forward out of the way. Clean the M. stylopharyngeus, avoid- 

 ing injury to the N. glossopharyngeus. Study the form, position, 

 origin, action, and innervation of the muscle. The insertion can 

 be seen best at a later stage of the dissection. 



Internal Carotid Artery (A. carotis interna). 



With bone-forceps cut through the base of the processus sty- 

 loideus and reflect it, with the muscles attached to it, downward 

 and forward. The vessels and nerves more medially situated 

 may now be carefully dissected out of the tough fascia in which 

 they lie and traced up to the base of the skull. Secure the 

 pharyngeal rami of the N. vagus early; they will be found on 

 the lateral surface of the A. carotis interna. Study with especial 

 care the interval between the V. jugularis interna and the A. 

 carotis interna just beneath the base of the skull. 



What is the level of origin of the A. carotis interna? How 

 does it pass into the cranial cavity? Study carefully the compli- 

 cated relations of its cervical portion. Why is its proximity to 

 the pharynx and palatine tonsil emphasized in the text-books ? 



Smaller Arteries deep in the Neck. (Vide Spalteholz, Figs. 441 and 

 442.) 



(a) Ascending pharyngeal artery (A. pharyngea ascendens). 



Note its relations to the A. carotis interna and to the 

 pharynx. Study the following branches: 



(aa) Pharyngeal rami (rami pharyngei}. 



(ab) Posterior meningeal (A. meningea posterior}. 



(ac) Inferior tympanic (A. tympanica inferior}. 



(b) Ascending palatine branch of external maxillary (A. palatina as- 



cendens} (0. T. inferior palatine). 



(c) Tonsillar ramus of external maxillary (ramus tonsillaris) (0. T. ton- 



sillitic artery). 



Internal Jugular Vein (V. jugularis interna) and its Tributaries. 



With what cerebral sinus is the internal jugular vein con- 

 tinuous? What are the relations of the vein in the jugular fora- 

 men? Where is the superior bulb of the jugular vein (bulbus 



