288 LABORATORY MANUAL OF HUMAN ANATOMY 



Detach this from the epistropheus and reflect it upward. 

 Study the following : 



(cc) Cruciform ligament of atlas (ligamentum cruciatum atlantis). 



Observe its two parts (cf. Spalteholz, vol. i., Fig. 

 218) : 



(cca) Transverse ligament (ligamentum transversum at- 



lantis). 



(ccb) Vertical part. 



Detach the vertical part, reflect it downward, 

 and study 



(cd) Alar ligaments (ligamenta alaria) (0. T. odontoid or check 



ligaments). 



(ce) Ligament of apex of tooth (ligamentum apicis dentis) (0. T. 



suspensory ligament). How is this ligament related to the 

 chorda dorsalis? 



Name from before backward the ligaments of the articulatio 

 atlanto-occipitalis and articulatio atlanto-epistrophica. (Cf. 

 Spalteholz, p. 169.) 



What movements can occur at these joints! What muscles 

 are concerned in such movements ? How is excessive movement 

 in any direction checked ? 



MOUTH AND FAUCES. 



Eeturning to the forepart of the skull and neck, the dissector 

 now studies the following, comparing his findings in the cadaver 

 with illustrations in atlases and descriptions in his systematic 

 text-book. 



Cavity of Mouth (Cavum or is). 



General. 



(a) Cheek (bucca). 



(aa) Fat body of cheek (corpus adiposum buccae). 



(b) Entrance to mouth (vestibulum oris). This is bounded in front 



and laterally by lips and cheeks, behind by teeth and gums. 



(c) Mouth cavity proper (cavum qris proprium). This is internal to 



the teeth. 



(d) Mouth slit or oral fissure (rima oris). 



(e) Lips of mouth (labia oris). 



(ea) Upper lip (labium superius). 



(eb) Lower lip (labium inferius). 



(f) Junction of lips (commissura labiorum). 



(g) Angles of mouth (angulus oris). 

 (h) Palate (palatum). 



(ha) Hard palate (palatum durum). 



(hb) Soft palate (palatum molle). 



(he) Middle ridge of palate (raphe palati). 



