DISSECTION OF THE THORAX 429 



Study its tributaries 



(ga) Hemiazygos vein (V. hemiazygos) (0. T. V. azygos minor in- 



ferior). 



(gb) Accessory herniazygos vein (V. hemiazygos accessoria) (0. T. 



V. azygos minor superior). 



Make out the exact relations of the intercostal veins (Vv. 

 intercostales) , oesophageal veins (Vv. oesophageae), and poste- 

 rior bronchial veins (Vv. bronchiales posteriores) to (#), (ga), 

 and (gb). What is the relation of the venous system of the ver- 

 tebral column to the V. azygos 1 



Joints of the Thorax. (Vide Spalteholz, Vol. i., pp. 156-161 and 170- 



I75-) 

 These are divisible into three sets 



(a) Sternocostal joints (articulationes sternocostales) . 



(b) Costovertebral joints (articulationes costovertebrales) . 



(c) Joints of vertebral column. 



These should now be dissected out. Study 



(aa) Joint-capsules (capsulae articular es} . 



(ab) Interarticular sternocostal ligament (Lig. sternocostale inter- 



articular e} (0. T. interarticular chondrosternal ligament). 



(ac) Radiate sternocostal ligaments (Ligg. sternocostalia radiata) 



(0. T. anterior and posterior chondrosternal ligaments). 



(ad) Membrane of sternum (membrana sterni). 



(ae) Costoxiphoid ligaments (Ligg. costoxiphoidea) (0. T. chon- 



droxiphoid ligaments). 



(af) Interchondral joints (articulationes interchondrales). 



(ag) Intercostal ligaments (Ligg. intercostalia) , already studied. 



In the costovertebral joints study 



(ba) Capitular joints (articulationes capitulorum) (articulations 



between the heads of the ribs and the vertebrae). 



(baa) Joint-capsules (capsulae articular 'es) . 



(bab) Radiate ligament of head of rib (Lig. capituli costae 



radiatum) (0. T. anterior costovertebral or stellate 

 ligament). 



(bac) Interarticular ligament of head of rib (Lig. capituli 



costae interarticular e) . 



This is best displayed by removing the radiate 

 ligament from the front of the joint. 



(bb) Costotransverse joints (articulationes costotransversariae) . 



(bba) Joint-capsules (capsulae articular e s) . 



(bbb) Ligament of tubercle of rib (Lig. tuberculi costae). 



(bbc) Ligament of neck of rib (Lig. colli costae). 



(bbd) Anterior costotransverse ligament (Lig. costotrans- 



versarium anterius). 



(bbe) Posterior costotransverse ligament (Lig. costotrans- 



versarium posterius ) . 



(bbf) Lumbocostal ligament (Lig. lumbocostale) . 



