ABDOMEN AND PELVIS 505 



Make several incisions in the liver from right to left. Do not 

 injure the gall-bladder. Examine first with naked eye and then 

 with a loop 



(a) Lobules of liver (lobuli hepatis). 



(b) Fibrous capsule of Glisson (capsula fibrosa [Glissoni]). 



(c) Interlobular arteries (rami arteriosi interlobulares) . 



(d) Interlobular veins (venae interlobulares) . 



(e) Central veins (venae centrales). 



How can you differentiate (d) and (e) from each other? 

 (/) Bile-ducts (ductus biliferi) (0. T. bile canaliculi). 

 (g) Interlobular ducts (ductus interlobulares}. 



What are costal and diaphragmatic sulci in the liver ! What 

 is the general direction of these, when present! What is a 

 " Kiedel's lobe" in the liver? 



Note the exact peritoneal relations, determining how much 

 of the liver is not covered by peritoneum. 



Gall-bladder (Vesica fellea). 

 Study- 



(a) Fundus of gall-bladder (fundus vesicae felleae). 



(b) Body of gall-bladder (corpus vesicae felleae). 



(c) Neck of gall-bladder (collum vesicae felleae}. 



Is the gall-bladder completely covered by peritoneum? 



Open the gall-bladder and dissect out the following coats : 



(a) Serous coat (tunica serosa vesicae felleae}. 



(b) Muscular coat (tunica muscularis vesicae felleae). 



(c) Mucous coat (tunica mucosa vesicae felleae). 



(ca) Folds of mucous coat (plicae tunicae mucosa vesicae felleae). 



Note the relation of the cystic duct to the gall-bladder. Open 

 it and study the spiral valve of Heister (valvula spiralis [Heis- 

 teri]). How far does it extend in your subject? What coats 

 take part in the formation of this valve ? In the biliary mucous 

 membrane look for glands (Gl. mucosae biliosae). 



UROPOETIC ORGANS (ORGAN A UROPOETIC A}. 



These include the kidney (ren), ureter, and urinary bladder 

 (vesica urinaria). Sometimes the suprarenal gland (Gl. supra- 

 renalis) is classed here, but probably incorrectly. 



