LABORATORY MANUAL OF PHYSIOLOGY. 



topsy. Observe particularly the condition of the lungs. Save 

 pieces of the lung tissue for hardening, embedding, and sectioning. 

 Stain sections with haematoxylin and eosin and study with the 

 microscope. 



What pulmonary condition follows section of the vagus nerves 

 and how is it brought about ? Save these sections for comparison 

 with sections of human lung showing areas of lobar and lobular 

 pneumonia. 



X. ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION. 



The student should be familiar with at least one good nethod 

 of artificial respiration for use in emergencies. One of the best 

 methods for this purpose is the so-called Sylvester's method. 



It consists in imitating, so far as possible, the normal respiratory 

 movements. In applying this method the operator should assure 

 himself that the respiratory passages of the subject are free. The 

 subject is placed upon his back, the shoulders being elevated by 

 some support placed beneath them. The head should be on a 

 lower level than the feet. 



The operator should stand at the head of the subject and, grasp- 

 ing the wrists, flex the forearm upon the arm and press both arms 

 firmly against the sides of the chest, pressing down and in on the 

 chest at the same time. This motion forces air out of the lungs. 

 When the pressure upon the chest is released, the thorax through 

 its own elasticity rebounds to its original capacity, and air, by this 

 motion alone, is drawn into the lungs. The thoracic diameters are 

 still further increased by the second part of the operation. 



This consists of extending the arms and pulling them above the 

 head, giving an extra tug when the position of full extension has 

 been reached. The accessory respiratory muscles, mainly the 

 pectorals, are thus put on the stretch and in their turn pull up 

 and out on the upper part of the thorax. 



After this has been accomplished, the first position is again as- 

 sumed and expiration is brought about. This alternate forced' ex- 

 piration and inspiration are continued at the rate of fifteen to twenty 



