INDEX 



147 



Nereis 95; dominance of 61; of a 

 muscle 56 



Heart: frog 9, 45, 46; grasshopper 

 121, 122; lobster 112, 113 



Heart beat 15 



Hearts, earthworm 98 



Heliozoa 70 



Hepatic: ducts 40; portal system 42; 

 portal vein 42 



Heredity experiment 69-70 



Histology: definition of 24; earth- 

 worm 102-4; frog, organs ,33-38; 

 frog tissues 24-33; Hydra 83-85; 

 intestine, frog 33, 34; kidney, frog 

 37, 38; liver 33; Planaria 92; 

 skin, frog 36, 37; spinal cord, 

 frog 38; stomach, frog 35, 36 



Horns of gray matter 38 



Horseshoe crab 125 



Hybrids 69, 70 



Hydra: behavior 83; cells of 83-85; 

 cross-section 85; general structure 

 82; nematocysts 82, 84; repro- 

 duction 86; reproductive organs 

 86 



Hydranth 87 



Hydroid colony 86-88 



Hydrotheca 87 



Hyoid apparatus 5, 41, 53, 54; mus- 

 cles of 58, so 



Hypophysis 48 



Hypostome 82 



Ileum 39 



Inferior lobes 48 



Infundibulum 48 



Insects 125; in key 131, 133 



Insertion of muscle 56 



Intercellular substance: definition of 

 26; in blood 30; in connective 

 tissue 29; in epithelium 27; in 

 muscle 28 



Intestine: earthworm 100, 104; 

 frog o, 10, 39, 40; grasshopper 123; 

 histology of, in earthworm 104; 

 histology of in frog 33-35; lobster 

 114; Planaria 91 



Investing bone, definition of 51 



Iris 2 



Irritability: definition of 14; experi- 

 ment on 14, 15; of Amoeba 73; 

 of Hydra 83; of nervous system 

 14, 15; of Paramecium 77; of 

 Planaria 90 



Jaws: bones of frog 52, S3! fly larva 

 22; frog 4-5; muscles of frog 



57-58 

 Jellyfish 88 



Karyokinesis 62 



Key: to classes 131-34; to phyla 

 129-31 



Kidney: frog n, 37, 40, 41; func- 

 tions of 19, 23; histology of 37 



King crab 125 



Labrum: grasshopper 117, 118; 

 lobster no 



Lacuna: bone 30; cartilage 29 



Ladder type, nervous system 116 



Large intestine, frog 9, 40 



Larvae, fly 21-22 



Laryngeal chamber 41 



Laryngeal prominence 5 



Larynx 9, 91 



Leeches 105- 



Legs, parts of: grasshopper ng; 

 lobster 108, 109 



Leucocytes 30 



Life-cycle fly 20-^23 



Ligament definition of 7 



Ligaments of frog: coronary g, 10; 

 falciform of liver 8; hepato-gastro- 

 duodenal 10, 39; lateral of bladder 

 10; median of bladder 8, 10; 

 rectovesical 10; suspensory of 

 liver 8, *o. See also under Mesen- 

 teries 



Limbs of frog: bones of 55; external 

 anatomy of 3; muscles of 59, 60, 61 



Linea alba 6 



Linin network 25 



Linnaeus 127 



Lipase: action of 17; definition of 17; 

 experiment on 17 



Liver: cells 25; frog 8, 39; histology 

 of 33; lobes of 39; lobster 114 



Lobes: of brain 46, 47; of liver 39 



Lobster: abdomen 106, 107, 108; 

 abdominal appendages 107; append- 

 ages 107-10; circulatory system 

 112, 113, 115, 116; digestive sys- 

 tem 114; excretory system 115; 

 external anatomy 106-11; head 

 106-7; head appendages 100-10; 

 internal anatomy 111-16; muscles 

 111-12; nervous system 115-16; 

 reproductive system 113-14; res- 

 piratory system no-ii; segmen- 

 tation 106-16; sense organs in; 

 thoracic appendages 107-8, 109, 

 no, in; thorax 106, 107, no, in 



Lungs 9, 41 



Lymphocytes 31 



Lymph 5: sac subvertebral n; 

 sacs, frog 5, n, 13; spaces, frog 5, 

 ii 



Malpighian bodies of kidney 37; 

 tubules 123 



Mandible: frog 53, 57; grasshopper 

 118; lobster 109, no 



Mandibular arch, frog: bones of 53; 

 muscles of 57 



Matrix: of bone 50; of cartilage 29; 

 of connective tissue 29 



Maxilla: grasshopper 118; lobster 

 109, 1 10 



Maxillary: arch, bones of 53; teeth 

 4, 53 



Maxillipeds 108, 109 



Meckel's cartilage 53 



Medulla oblongata 47, 50 



Medullary folds 67; sheath 32 



Medusa buds 87 



Medusae 87, 88 



Membrane bone 51. 52 



Mendel 70 



Mendel's law 69, 70 



Mesenteries, earthworm 97 



Mesenteries, frog 7, 8, 10, n; dorsal 

 8, 10; dorsal of liver 10; mesentery 

 of intestine 10; meso-esophageum 

 10; mesogaster 10; mesorchium 

 11, 40; mesorectum ii; mesotu- 

 barium 11; mesovarium n, 4^1; 

 ventral 8, 10. See also under Lig- 

 aments 



Mesentery, definition of 7 



Mesoderm: embryo 66, 67, 71; 

 fate of, in frog 67; general 

 canceof7i; Planaria go, 92 



Mesogloea, 83, 85 



Mesothorax 118, 119 



Metabolism, definition of 23 



Metagenesis 87, 88 



Metamere, definition of gs 



Metamorphosis, definition of 22 



Metaphase 63 



Metathorax 118, 119 



Millipedes 125 



Mites 125 



Mitosis 62-64 



Mitotic figure 63 

 Mollusca in key 130, 



133 



Molluscoidea in key 130 

 Morphology, definition of 14 

 Mouth: cavity: earthworm gg, 

 frog 44; earthworm 96, frog 4; 

 grasshopper 1 1 8; Hydra 82; lobster 

 107, no; Nereis 95; Paramecium 

 75; Planaria 91; parts: grass- 

 hopper 117, 118; lobster 107, 109, 

 no 



Mucus (33, 103, go): cells: earth- 

 worm 103, Planaria go, 92; glands: 

 earthworm 103, frog 36, Planaria 

 92; thread of snail 136 



Muscle: cells, structure of 28, 2g: 

 contractility of 15; function of 

 15, 16; heart 15, 16; involuntary 

 15, 28; kinds of 15, 28, 29; micro- 

 scopic structure of 28, 29; parts of 

 56; smooth 28; striated 28, 29 

 typical 56; voluntary 28, 29 



Muscles of: abdomen, frog 58; body 

 wall earthworm 102, 103; body 

 wall frog 5-6; chela 112; earth 

 worm 102, 103; frog 5, 6, 15, 56-61; 

 grasshopper 121; Hydra 85; hyoirl 

 apparatus 58; lobster in, 112; 

 lower jaw frog 57, 58; Planaria 92; 

 shank frog 60; thigh frog 59; 

 tongue frog 58, 59; trunk frog 



Muscular: system: earthworm 102, 

 103, frog 5, 6, 15, 56-61, function 

 of 15; grasshopper 121, Hydra 85, 

 lobster in, 112. Planaria 92; 

 tissue, structure of 28, 29 



Myelin 32 



Naids 80 



Nares: external 2; internal 4; 

 method of closure 58; respiratory 

 movements of 18, 19 



Nemathelminthes 80; in key 130 



Nematocysts 82, 84, 85 



Nematodes 80 



Nemertinea in key 130 



Nephridia: earthworm g8, zoo, 102; 

 lobster 115 



Nephridiopore 100 



Nephrostome 100 



Nereis 95, 96 



Nerve: conductivity in 14, 15; 

 definition of 31; irritability of 14, 

 15; roots of 51; sciatic 15; stim- 

 ulation of 15; structure of 32 



Nerve cells: brain 31; earthworm 

 99, 102, 104; frog 31, 32 38; lobster 

 i n ; motor of cord 31,32; Planaria 

 90, 92; spinal cord frog 38; struc- 

 ture of 31, 32 



Nerve cords: earthworm 99, 102, 104; 

 grasshopper 123, 124; lobster 

 115, 116; Planaria 92 



Nerve plexus, frog 48 



Nerves: cranial, frog 12, 47; roots 

 of 51; spinal, frog 12, 48, 49 



Nervous system: central, frog 12, 

 46-50; earthworm 101, 102; frog 

 12, 46-50; function of 14, 40-50; 

 grasshopper 123. 124; Hydra 86; 

 lobster 115, 116; origin of, in 

 embryo 67; peripheral, frog 12, 

 47-49; Planaria 91, 92; sympa- 

 thetic, frog 12 



Neural: arches 12, 51; canal 12, 47, 

 51; fold 67; spine 51 



Neurilemma 32 



Neuroglia 38 



Nictitating membrane 4 



Nostrils 2 



Notochord 67 



No turn 117 



Nuclear membrane 25 



Nucleolus 26, 64 



Nucleus: Amoeba 73; definition of 

 24; in mitosis 62-64; Paramecium 

 76; structure of 25, 26 



Nutritive zooids 87 



Obelia 86-88 



Ocelli 117 



Occipital condyles 53 



Olfactory lobes 46, 50; nerve 47; 



sense: frog 50; grasshopper 124; 



lobster in; Planaria 91, 92 

 Ommatidia in, 117 ' 

 One-celled animals 72-80 

 Ontogeny, definition of 20 

 Optical section, definition of 65 

 Optic chiasma 48; ganglion, lobster 



ii i ; lobes 47, 50; nerves, frog 47 

 Oral groove 74 

 Orbit 2, 52 

 Order in classification 128 



