THE MAMMALIAN NERVOUS SYSTEM 91 



V. General and Special Visceral Sensory 



1. Visceral sensory fibers from sympathetic in spinal nerves. 



(Secondary connections unknown.) 



2. Visceral sensory and gustatory fibers in VII, IX, and X cranial nerves 



and fasciculus solitarius. 

 (Secondary connections unknown.) 



B. DESCENDING (EFFERENT) SYSTEMS 



/. Visceral Efferent 



1. General visceral efferent of spinal cord. 



1) Preganglionic neurons in intermedio-lateral column of cord. 

 2) ^ Postganglionic neurons in sympathetic ganglia. 



2. General visceral efferent of brain. 



1) Preganglionic neurons in III nucleus for ciliary ganglion. 



2) Postganglionic neurons in ciliary ganglion. 

 3) Preganglionic neurons in superior salivatory nucleus of VII nerve 



for sublingual and submaxillary glands. 

 4) Postganglionic neurons in submaxillary ganglion. 

 5) Preganglionic neurons in inferior salivatory nucleus of IX nerve 



for parotid salivary gland. 

 6) Postganglionic neurons in otic ganglion. 



7) Preganglionic neurons in dorsal motor nucleus of vagus and ad- 

 jacent centers for cardiac, respiratory, and other visceral 

 reactions. 



8) Postganglionic neurons in various sympathetic ganglia 

 associated with the vagus. 



3. Special visceral efferent. 



1) Masticatory movements from motor V nucleus. 



2) Mimetic movements from motor VII nucleus. 



3) Movements of pharynx, larynx, esophagus from the nucleus am- 



biguus. 



4) Movements of shoulder from XI nucleus (primitively visceral but 



secondarily somatic in type). 



//. Somatic Efferent 



1. Movements of eyeball from motor III, IV and VI nuclei. 



2. Movements of tongue from XII nucleus. 



3. Movements of trunk and limb musculature from ventral gray column. 



4. Reflex motor paths in cord fasciculus proprius. 



5. Reflex motor paths in brain stem. 



1) Equilibratory reflexes in tractus vestibulo-spinalis. 



2) Oculomotor and equilibratory reflexes in fasciculus longitudinalis 



medialis. 



3) Optic and acoustic reflexes in tractus tecto-spinalis. 



6. Voluntary motor path. 



1) Pyramidal tract for somatic motor centers of cord. 



2) Peripheral motor neurons of spinal nerves. 



3) Fibers associated with pyramidal tract for somatic and special 



visceral voluntary motor nuclei of brain stem (cortico-bulbar 

 tracts). 



4) Peripheral motor neurons of cranial nerves, 



7. Cprtico-pontile tracts. 



