114 LANDSCAPE GARDENING. 



out to the side, but become fine dust during dry weather. 

 Fig. 62 illustrates the modern macadam road with well- 

 rounded surface and gutters; but whether the road be con- 

 structed of broken stone or not, the rounded surface and 

 gutters are a necessity for a good road. 



The surface of the road must be made more or less 

 crowning, according to the material used. The poorer or 

 more loamy the material the more must it be crowned or 

 rounded. The shoulders made by the settling of the centre 

 of the road, and by growth of grass and washing of the fine 

 particles from the centre, should be removed whenever they 

 are so high as to interfere with the quick passage of the 

 surface-water to the side gutters. Gutters or ditches must 

 be provided along the roadsides to prevent surface-water 

 from washing up on the road surface and to catch and carry 

 off quickly the wash from the road. These ditches must 

 have frequent outlets and be without basins in which the 

 water will stand. 



On hillsides frequent bars must be made, and be kept in 

 such condition at all times that no water will run over them 

 into the middle of the road. They should start from the 

 middle of the road and run diagonally to each side and not 

 diagonally across the whole road. If made as in Fig. 63 



FIG. 63. A PROPERLY CONSTRUCTED BAR. 



both wheels will strike the bar at once and no side jolt will 

 be felt, while if constructed as in Fig. 64 a very unpleasant 



