ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS, TINES, AND HEDGE PLANTS. 221 



10 inches of the ground in the spring before growth 

 begins, when numerous new, strong shoots will come out 

 from the stubs and soon a new and well-formed hedge will 

 result. 



BUCKTHORN (Rhamnus catharticus). Somewhat re- 

 sembling the last in habit of growth, is hardy and tough, 

 and stands shearing well. 



COMMON BARBERRY (Berberis vulgaris). This may be 

 used as an ornamental hedge and when grown of large size 

 becomes protective. The more strong branches that can be 

 secured at the start of the hedge the better. Close prun- 

 ing will not give as good results with this species as the 

 more natural growth of the bush obtained by cutting out 

 here and there a cane to correct the form of each shrub and 

 to cause it to thicken up and branch low. 



PURPLE BARBERRY (B. #., var. purpurea). This was 

 fully described under "Ornamental Shrubs." Not quite so 

 vigorous as the last, nor does it make quite so fine a hedge, 

 though the purple foliage and the golden pendent blossoms 

 are very beautiful. 



JAPANESE BARBERRY (B. Thunbergii] . This is one of 

 the most beautiful of our small shrubs. It is especially 

 fine when allowed to grow in its most natural form, mak- 

 ing a compact, yet light, graceful bush of from 2 to 3 feet 

 high. By cutting out here and there during the summer 

 strong shoots that tend to grow beyond the outline desired, 

 it is kept in a low compact form. Its foliage is small but 

 abundant, of a light green color, changing late in the fall 

 to a bright orange red. The fruit is larger than that cf 

 the other species described, borne singly, pendent on the 

 under side of the numerou- small branches and hangs for 

 a long time after the leaves have fallen. 



