296 LANDSCAPE GARDENING. 



excavated, throwing out the subsoil, however, and replac- 

 ing it with good surface-soil. On the lawn or in grass land 

 holes considerably larger than the spread of the roots should 

 be made and the subsoil be dug up deeply or partly thrown 

 out if poor, and be replaced with good soil. The turf 

 removed in digging, if any, may be placed in the bottom 

 of the holes with good results. 



Preparation of the Trees for Planting. 



No matter how carefully trees may be dug from the 

 nursery, a large per cent of the fibrous roots will be 

 destroyed and many of the larger roots be broken, and if 

 the tree is planted without the removal of some of its 

 branches when it starts into growth in the spring the 

 number of buds is so great that the supply of moisture from 

 the roots will be insufficient to sustain a vigorous growth, 

 and all may finally fail; while if the larger part of the 

 branches had been removed the few buds that remain 

 would start vigorously and sufficient moisture be supplied 

 to sustain continuous and rapid growth until new roots and 

 vigorous leaf -surface is formed, without which good growth 

 cannot take place. 



In pruning young fruit-trees for transplanting all 

 branches not needed for the formation of a symmetrical 

 head should be removed, and those remaining be shortened 

 in more or less, according to the amount of injury to the 

 roots. Young trees with few lateral branches are often 

 trimmed np to a " whip-stock." This is especially the 

 practice with peach-trees. 



