CATALOGUE. 13 



the same time extremely swift in his motions. He is rarely seen alone, 

 but mostly in small companies of six, eight, or twelve individuals. His 

 cry resembles that of the S. mitratus, but is more continuous, so that 

 it nearly sounds as hoe-ikikikikikik. His cheerful chattering is chiefly 

 heard at the earliest dawn of the day or at twilight, and during our 

 solitary excursions through the forests, the silence of midnight, when 

 the moon shone bright, was occasionally enlivened by the cry of the 

 Simpai sounding through the forest ; and as he selects for his favourite 

 resting-place the borders of brooks rushing through deep ravines, this 

 contributes to increase the reverberating echo. During the day, the 

 Simpai rambles through the forests, frequenting the tops of those trees 

 that produce his favourite food." (Monogr. overzicht van het Gesl. 

 Semnopithecus, p. 66.) 



14 SEMNOPITHECUS CRIST A TUS, Raffles Sp. 



Simia cristata, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 244. 1 822. 

 Semnopithecus cristatus, Appendix to Life of Sir T. S. 



Raffles, p. 642. 1830. 

 Semnopithecus cristatus, M'uller, Monographisch overzicht 



over het Gesl. Semnopithecus, p.J7. 



Semnopithecus pruinosus, Desmarest, Mamm. Supp.p. 533. 

 CHINGKAU, of the natives of Sumatra. 



HAB. Sumatra and Borneo. 



A. Presented by Sir T. S. Raffles. 



The first authentic description of the Chingkau is given by Sir 

 Stamford Raffles, in the thirteenth volume of the " Transactions of the 

 Linnean Society." It is found in Sumatra, Borneo, and probably in 

 other islands of the Eastern Archipelago, in which it represents the 

 Lutung of the Javanese. Although nearly allied to that species, it 

 differs in the colour of its hairy covering, in external form, and in the 

 localities which it inhabits. The general colour is not intensely black, 

 but silvery or hoary ; hence the name given by Desmarest, pruinosus. 

 Mr. Martin enumerates the peculiarities of its external form. " It 

 is," he states, " in comparison with the Lutung, a more slender 

 animal, having the ears large and exposed, and a long peaked ver- 

 tical crest." In describing the Chingkau, Dr. Miiller observes : " Al- 

 though nearly allied to the S. maurus, he differs in several particulars ; 

 he selects for his abode low situations, especially such as are marshy, 

 and abounding with water. Here he is mostly found near the banks 

 of rivers, and in situations producing the Nibong-palm (Oncosperma 



