CATALOGUE. 5 



While young, it is mild and gentle ; as it advances in age it becomes 

 sullen, distrustful, bold, and mischievous, committing extensive devas- 

 tations in the gardens and plantations of the natives. French natu- 

 ralists give the name erroneously as Houlman. By English naturalists 

 it is generally written Hoonuman, but it should be pronounced Hanu- 

 maun, with the accent on the last syllable ; the literal meaning being 

 " Long-jaw." The Mahratta name in the Western Ghauts, according 

 to Colonel Sykes, is Makur. 



The Lungoor of the hill tribes is a distinct species, which will be 

 described in the next article. Mr. Edward Blyth has contributed much 

 information on the external habit and variations of colour of the En- 

 tellus, in different ages and localities. See vols. X. XII. XIII. and 

 XVI. of the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 



Professor Wilson has kindly supplied the following valuable remarks 

 on the ancient history of Hanuman, whose name is applied to the 

 Semnopithecus entellus, and on the estimation in which this Monkey is 

 now held by the Hindus. 



Hanuman is called the son of Pavana, or the wind. He was one of 

 the Monkeys of the Monkey kingdom in the southern forests, the king 

 of which, Bcili, was killed by Rama, who placed his (Bali's) brother, 

 Sugriva, on the throne ; thereon a numerous host of monkeys aided 

 Rama in his invasion of Lanka or Ceylon. By their superhuman 

 strength, ponderous rocks were cast into the sea opposite to Manar, 

 and a bridge of rocks was formed. The rocks in the straits are still 

 called Setabund-Rameswara, from the island Ramisseram, in which is 

 a large temple dedicated to Rama. Hanuman particularly distin- 

 guished himself in the conflicts that ensued with Ravana's giants. 



Hanuman is usually represented with the face of a black-faced 

 monkey, but the figure of a man, except in the appendage of a very 

 long tail, smooth, but terminating in a tuft of hair. He is reverenced 

 as more than human, but there is no separate worship addressed to 

 him. His figure, however, is usually found in the temples dedicated 

 to Ramachandra, along with those of Rama and Sita, and partakes of 

 the veneration shown to them. The large black-faced Monkey, with 

 a long tail, is called after Hanuman, by the same name, and is con- 

 sidered to be the type, not only of him, but of all Rama's monkey 

 allies. They are allowed unmolested access to the houses of the 

 villagers, by whom they are petted and fed ; and at some temples, in 

 the west of India especially, large numbers of them come daily for food 

 given them by the priests and the people. There is no other worship 

 of them. 



