equipped than one who merely knows how to bring an object 

 into focus and look at it. For this reason, the subject-matter 

 in the beginning of the book was introduced. 



The matter contained in these pages is the outcome of the 

 author's needs in his classes. No one book was found entirely 

 satisfactory. All contained valuable material, but lacked other 

 matters which were desirable. Some were too extensive for 

 use in an elementary course. In preparing these pages, the 

 author consulted a number of books, to which he desires to 

 acknowledge his indebtedness. The books consulted were: 

 Encyclopedia Britannica; Ganot's Physics; Behrens' Botani- 

 sche Mikroskopie; Bessey's Botany; Goodale's Physiological 

 Botany; Bastin's College Botany and Laboratory Exercises; 

 Bower's Practical Botany; Huxley and Martin, Practical Bi- 

 ology; Gray's Lessons in Botany. 



SEPTEMBER, 1897. 



PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION 



While the number of chapters has not been increased in this 

 edition, considerable new matter has been added in several of 

 the exercises, and in some instances better directions for work 

 have been given. The chapter on stains, section cutting, mount- 

 ing sections, etc., has been placed at the end as an appendix. 

 Better illustrations and some new ones have been provided, 

 and these have been introduced into the respective chapters 

 instead of being grouped at the end of the book, as in the first 

 edition. Whenever a cut has been taken from the works of 

 other authors, I have made acknowledgment in the cut. It is 

 hoped that in its improved form the book will meet with the 

 approval of those into whose hands it may fall. 



SEPTEMBER, 1905. 



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