Book I. 



GARDENING IN GERMANY. 



47 



rious walks, leading through shrubberies to the right, till you arrive at the nursery-garden (12). From 

 thence, crossing the canal, you arrive at the temple of Apollo (13), built of costly marble. In the garden 

 behind, are rocks with allegorical figures, subterraneous caves and caverns ; at one side a family bath of 

 marble (14), aviaries (15), cabinets, pleasure-garden, and basin for aquatic fowls (16& 17) ; small buildings, in 

 the form of monuments (18), serving as cabinets of natural history, museums, a laboratory, &c. ; a pictu- 

 resque garden and temple (19) ; a Roman aqueduct (20), supplied by a water-engine (21), a ruined aque- 

 duct (22) ; the offices for the administration of the garden, with its appurtenances (23) ; a large theatre 

 (24) ; residence of the director-general (25) ; of the inspectors of the garden (26) ; of the inspectors of the 

 forest (27) ; of the huntsmen (28) ; of the foresters (29). Besides all these things and many more., there is 

 a fruit-garden (30) ; kitchen-garden (31) ; private orangery (32) j area for greenhouse plants in summer (33); 

 and lofty water-engine for conveying water to the castle (34). 



The Ducal gardens of Saxegotha are remarkable for their fine lawns, and for a ruined castle, which was 

 first built complete, and then ruined expres, by firing cannon against it. 



Subsect. 2. German Gardening, in respect to the Culture of Flowers and Plants of 



Ornament. 



215. Floriculture was but little attended to in Germany, previously to the intro- 

 duction of botanic gardens ; but on the establishment of these, plants of ornament were 

 eagerly sought after in most of them : that of Altorf was famous for orange-trees, and 

 that of Copenhagen for bulbous roots. 



216. The earliest private botanic garden in Europe, next to those of Italy, is said (Keith's 

 Botany, p. 18.) to have been one formed by William, Landgrave of Hesse, early in the 

 sixteenth century. Since that period more private botanic gardens have been formed in 

 Germany than in any other continental country. At Carlsrouhe, the Prince of Baden 

 Dourlach formed a botanic garden in 1715, in which, in 1737, there were 154 varieties 

 of oranges and lemons. Many might be named from that period to the present : the 

 latest is that of the Prince of Salm-Dyck. It was laid out in 1820, by Blaikie, of 

 St. Germains ; and is calculated to contain all the hardy plants which can be procured, 

 arranged in groups, according to the system of Jussieu. The prince is advantageously 

 known, by his works on succulent plants. 



217. The first public botanic garden in Germany, according to Deleuze (Amwles du 

 Museum torn. 8.), was established by the Elector of Saxony, at Leipzic, in 1580; this 

 magistrate having undertaken the reform of public instruction throughout his dominions. 



Those of Giessen, Altorf, Rintel, Ratisbon, Ulm, undJena, soon followed. In 1605, Jungerman, a cele- 

 brated botanist, obtained one for the university, which the landgrave had just founded at Giessen. After 

 having disposed of it, he went to Altorf, and solicited the same favor for this city. The senate of Nuremberg 

 agreed to his wishes in 1620, although the country was then a prey to the disasters of war. Jangerman, 



