Book I. 



LINN^AN HORTUS BRITANNICUS. 



131 



number of florets in each spikelet; but In Arundo this is of 

 no moment. Magnificent and valuable works on this family 

 have been published in Germany by the celebrated Schreber 

 and by Dr. Host. The Ft. Gra-ca also is rich in tliis depart- 

 ment,' to which the late Dr. Sibthorp paid great attention. 

 Much is to be expected from scientific agriculturists; but 



to overcome their habits, iniomuch that few grasses can be 

 generally cultivated at pleasure. It contains of Graminea, 

 Trichodium, Sporobolus, Agrostis, * Knappia, Perotis, 

 Polypogon, Stipa, Trisetum, * A vena, *Bromus, Fes- 

 tuca, *Triticum, *Secale, *Hordeum, *Klymus, Lolium, 



don, *.Milium, Lagurus, *Alopecurus, *Phleum, L'ryp.,is, 

 Phalaris, Tozettia, Paspalum, Digitaria, *Panicum, Ortho- 

 pogon, Pennisetum, Saccharum, Rotbollia, Aliclirochloa, 

 Leersia. 50 Gen. 514 Sp. 

 3. Trigynia is chiefly composed of little pink-lite plants, or, 

 Caryophyllea, as Holosteum Tillaa mtucosa has the number 

 proper to this order, but the rest of the genus bears every 

 part of the fructification in fours. This, in Linnx-an lan- 

 guage, is expressed by saving the flower of Tillaa is quadri- 

 'idia, four cleft, and T. muscosa excludes, or lays aside one 

 fourth of the fructification It contains of Res'tiacea, *Eri- 

 ocaulon ; of Portnlacea, *Montia; of Pulygonar, Kctnigia ; 

 of Curytphyllca, Holosteum, *PoIycarpoii, Mollugo, Minu- 

 artia, O^ueria, Lechea. 9 Gen. 12 Sp. 



Class IV. Tttrandria. Stamens 4. Orders 3. 



1. Monogynia. A very numerous and various order, of which 

 the Proieacece make a conspicuous part ; Plantugo, remark- 

 able for its capsula cirenmscissa, a membranous capsule, 

 separating by a complete circular fissure into two parts, as 

 in Ceniunculus, Rubia, and others of its natural order, whose 

 stipulation is remarkable, and the curious Epimcdium, are 

 found here It contains of Proteacca, Petrophila, Isopogon, 

 Protea, Leucospermum, Mimetes, Serruria, Nivenia, Soro- 

 cephalus, Spatalla, Persoonia, Grevillea, Hakea, Lambertia, 

 Xylomelum, Telopea, Lomatia, llhopala, Banksia, Dry- 

 andra ; of Globularia, Globularia, Adina; of Rubiacea, 

 Cephalanthus ; of Dipsacea, "Dipsacus, "Scabiosa, Knautia ; 

 of NytJtlgimrtr, Alliohia, Opercularia, Cryptospermuin ; of 

 Rnliiucea, Spermacoce. *Sherardia, # Asperula, Houstonia, 

 Galium, Crucianella, *P.ubia, Catesbaea, Ixora, Pavetta, 

 Bouvardia, Siderodendrum, Chomelia, Mitchella, Coccocyp- 

 silum, Manettia, Oldenlandia ; of Rulacea, Zieria; of SoCa- 



nacca, Witheringia ; cf Jasminea, Penasa ; of 



Curtisia ; of Lorantluicca, Chloranthus ; of Verbenacea, 

 /"Egiphila, Callicarpa; of Ericea, Blseria; of Scro<ihularina, 

 Buddlea, Scoparia ; of Gentians, Exacum, Sebaea, Frasera ; 

 of PlaiUugineiP, *Plantago ; of Primulacca, Centunculus; of 

 Rosacea, *Sanguisorba, "Alchemilla ; of Piles, Cissus ; of 

 Berberides, Epimedium ; of Caprifolia, Comus ; of Tereliin- 

 tacea, Fagara, Ftelea ; of Onagraria, Ludwigia, Isnardia; 

 of Salicaria, Ammannia; of Hydrvc/iaridur, *Trapa; of 

 Vrticea, Dorstenia ; of Aroidea, Pothos; of f.laa^ui, Elae- 

 agnus ; of Santalacea, Santalum ; of Thymetea, Stru- 

 thiola ; of Chenopodea, Rivina, Camphorosma. 78 Gen. 

 420 Sp. 



2. Digynia. It contains of Caryophyllea, BufTonia; of.... 

 .... Hamamelis ; of Papaveracea, Hvpec j>;m. 3 Gen. 

 5Sp. 



3. Tetragynia. It contains of Rhamni, Myginda, *Ilei, some- 

 times furnished with a few barren flowers; of Boraginea, 

 Coldenia ; of Alirmacea, Potamogeton ; of Naiades, *Rup- 



Sia ; of Caryophyllea, *Sagina, Mcenchia; of Sempervha, 

 Tillaea ; otLinea, *Hadiola. 9 Gen. 35 Sp. 



Class V. Pentandria. A verv large class. Stamens 5. 

 Orders 6. 



1. Monogynia. 1 Style. One of the largest and most important 



orders of the whole system It contains of Boraginea, He- 



liotropium, Myosotis, Lappula, *Lithospermum, Batschia, 

 Dnosmodium, *Anchusa, * Cynoglossum, *Pulmonaria, 

 Symphytum, Cerinthe, Onosma, *Borago, Trichodesma, 

 Asperugo, *LycopsLs, *Echium, Toumefortia, Cordia, 

 Bourreria, Ehretia, Hydrophyllum, Ellisia; Nolana ? of 

 Primulacta, Aretia, Aridrosace, *Primula, Cortusa, Solda- 

 nella, Dodecatheon, 'Cyclamen, *Hottonia, *Lysimachia, 

 Anagallis, Samolus," Coris, Diapensia, PyxJdanthera ; 

 of Ericea, Cyrilla, Brosscea; of Rhodoracea, * Azalea; of 

 Epacridea, Sprengelia, Andersonia, Lysinema, Epacris, Mo- 

 notoca, Leucopogon, Stenanthera, Astroloma, Styphelia ; of 

 Plumbaginea, Plumbago ; of Convolrulacea, *Convolvulus, 

 Calystegia, Ipomcea, Retzia ; of Bignoniacea, Cobcea; of 

 Polcmoniacea, *Polemonium, Phlox, Ipomopsis, Caldasia ; 



of Buttneriacea, Lasiopetalum ; of Galax; of 



of Thymdea, Scopolia ; of Campanulacea, Lightfootia, 

 Campanula, Roella, Phyteuma, Trachelium, Jasione, 

 Lobelia, Cyphia; of Goodenovue, Goodenia, Euthales, 

 Scaevola, Dampiera; of Rubiacea:, Cinchona, Pinckneya, 

 Mussatuda, Portlandia, Genipa, Gardenia, Oxyanthus, 

 Ilandia, 'W'ebera, Erithalis, Morinda, Nauclea, Cephaelis, 

 Hamellia, Rondeletia, Macrocnemum, Vanguiera, Dentella, 

 Serissa, Psychotria, Coftea, Chiococca, I'aideria, Plocama ; 

 of Canrifolue, Ixinicera, Symphoria, Diervilla, Triosteum, 

 Hedera ; of Combretacea, Conocarpus; of Sardalacea:, 

 Thesium ; of Xuctaginea', Mirabilis ; of Solanea, Ramonda, 

 Verbascum, Datura, Brugmansia, Hvoscyamus, Nico- 

 tiana, Mandragora, Atropa, Solandra, Physalis, Nicandra, 

 Solanum, Capsicum, Cestrum, A'estia, Lycium ; of Myr- 

 sinetr, Ardi>ia ; of Sapoiett, Jacquinia, Achras, Chryso- 

 phyllum, Sideroxylon, Sersalisia, Bumelia ; of Verbenacea-, 

 Tectona; of Rhamni, Elaeodendrum, Rhamnus, Zizyphus, 

 Celastrus, Senacia, Euonymus, Hovenia, Ceanothus, Foma- 

 derris, Phylica ? Brunia, Staavia, Plectionia ; of Diosmecr, 

 Adenandra, Barosma, Diosma, Agathosma; of PiUotporcce, 

 Calodendrum, Bursaria, Billardiera, Pittosporum, Itea; of 

 HelUe t Cedrela, Leea ; of TerdAnlaeetf, Mangifera ; of 

 Rosacea-, Hirtella ; of Cacti, Kibes; of Vile*, Vitis ; of 

 Cucvrbitacea, Gronovia; of Geramast Impatiens; of I'tn- 

 bdlifera, Lagcecia ; of Portvlacur, Claytonia ; of Violea, 

 Viola, Ionidium ; of Musaceje, Heliconia, Strelitzia ; of 

 Amaranihaccj:, Gomphrena, Philoxcrus, Achyranthes, Fu- 



palia, Deerlngla, Celosia, Lestibudesia, Alternar.thera, .^rua, 

 lllecebvum, Paronychia, Anychia, Mollia ; cf C/icnopv<kcr, 

 Chenolea ; of Salicarioe, Glaux; of Gentianeas, Menjan- 

 thes, \illarsia, Logania, Spigelia, Lisianthus, Chirdnia, 

 Sabbatia, ErythrtEa, Eustoma; of Jtlalvacea; Buttneria, 

 Ayenia; of Apocynar, Strjchnos, Gelsemium, Rauwolria, 

 Carissa, Arduma, Cerbera, Allamanda, V'inca, Nerium, 

 Wrightia, Echites, Ichnocarpus, Plumeria, Cameraria, Ta- 

 bernaemontana, Amsonia. 209 Gen. 10S0 Sp. 



2. Digynia. 2 Styles. It contains of Anccynea, Apocynum, 

 Melodinus; Asdepiadecr, Periploca, Hemidesmus, 'Seca- 

 mone, Ulicroloma, Sarcostemma, Dtemia, Cynanchum, 

 Oxystelma, Gymnema, Calotropis, Xysmalobium, Gompho- 

 carpus, Asclepias, Gonolobus. Pergularia, Marsdenia, 

 Hoya; Stapelia, Piaranthus, Huemia, Caralluma ; of Amu- 

 rant/iacete, Hemiaria ; of Cheimpodea; ChcHopodium, Beta, 

 Salsola, Kochia, Anabasis, Rosea; of Ameniacea; Ulmus ; 

 of Saxifrugea; Heuchera ; of Caryophyllee, Velezia; of Goi- 

 tianea, Swertia, Gentiana ; of 'Cmvolvulaeea, Falkia, 

 Dichondra, Evolvulus, Kydrolea, Cuscuta; of Rubiacea, 

 Phyllis; of A ralitr, Cussonia. 



Vmbellifera. These are mostly herbaceous ; the qualities 

 of such as grow on dry ground are aromatic, while the aqua- 

 tic species are among the most deadlv poisons ; according to 

 the remark of Linnaeus, who detected the cause of a dreadful 

 disorder among homed cattle in Lapland, in their eating 

 ycung leaves cf Cicida rirota, under water. It contains 

 Eryngium, * Hydrocoty le, Spananthe, Sanicula, Astran- 

 tia, Bupleurum, Echinophora, Hasselquistia,+'lordylium, 

 Caucalis, Artedia, Daucus, Visnaga, *Ammi, Bunium, 

 Conium, Selinum, Athamanta, Peuccdanum, Crith- 

 mum, Cachrys, Ferula, Laserpitium, Heracleum, Ligus- 

 ticum, Angelica, Sium, *S:son, Bubon, Cuminum, 

 Oinanthe, *Fhellandrium, Cicuta, JEthusa, Meum, 

 Coriandrum, Myrrhis, Scandix, Oliveria, Anthriscus, 

 Chaerophyllum, Imperatoria, Seseli, Thapsia, Pastinaca, 

 Smynu'um, Anethum, Carum, Pimpinella, Ap.ium, 

 .Egopodium. 93 Gen. 487 Sp. 



3. Tngrjnia. It contains of Terebintcccx, Rhus, Spathelia ; of 

 CaprijUia; Viburnum, *Sambucus; of Rhamni, Cassine, 

 Staphylea ; of Poiulucea; Tamarix, Turnera, Telephium, 

 Corrigiola, Portulacaiia; of Euphorbia; Xylophvlla; of Ca- 

 ryophyUetr, Phamaccum, Drypis ; of Chenopoduc, Basella. 

 15 Gen. 85 Sp. 



4. Teiragynia. It contains of Capparidet t Parnassia. 1 Gen. 

 3Sp. 



5. Pcntagynia. It contains of Aralia; Aralia ; of Plumbaginea, 

 Armeria, Statice, a beautiful maritime genus, with a kind 

 of everlasting calyx; of CaryophyUea t Linum; of Cappa- 

 ridet t Drosera ; of Portulacea; Gisekia ; of Sempemvea, 

 Larochea, Crassula, a numerous succulent genus ; of Tilia 

 ceo; Mahernia ; of Meliacew, Commersonia ; of Rosacea; 

 Sibbaldia. 11 Gen. 131 Sp. 



C. Polygynia. It contains of Rcnuncvlucea; *Myosurus, a 

 remarkable instance of few stamens (though they often ex- 

 ceed five) to a multitude of pistils; also Ceratocephalus, 

 Zanthorhiza. 3 Gen. 3 Sp. 



Class VI. Hexandria. Stamens C. Orders 4. 



1. Monogynia. This, as usual, is the most numerous. The 

 Liliaceous family, with or without a spatha, called by Lin- 

 naeus the nobles of the vegetable kingdom, constitute its 

 most splendid ornament. The beautiful White I.ily is 



. commonly chosen by popular writers to exemplify the "sta- 

 mens and pistils. It contains of Pontederea, Pontedera ; 

 of lUusaceoe, Musa, Urania ; of BromeHx, Bromelia, Pitcaimia*, 

 Tillandsia, Agave, Furcrcea; of Commdinea', Tradescantia ; 

 of Atphodeleue, Eucomis, Aphyllanthes, Sowerbcea, Allium, 

 Albuca, Xanthorrhoca, Thysanorus, Eriospermum, Gagea, 

 Omithogalum, Scilla, Massonia, Asphodelus, Anthe- 

 ricum, Arthropodium, Phalangium, Chlorophytum, Caesia, 

 Xarthecium, Dianella, Eustrephus, Asparagus, Drimia, 

 Uropetalon, Hyacintlms, Muscari, Lachenalia, Dracaena, 

 Phylloma, Phorniium, Hypoxis, Curculigo, Cyanella ; ot 

 Amuryllidea; Hasmanthus, Galanthus, Ix;ucojUm, Stru- 

 maria, Crinum, Cyrtanthus, Brunsvigia, Amaryllis, Nar- 

 cissus, Pancratium, Eucrosia, Doryanthes, Gethyllis; cf 

 Hemerocallidca-, Blandfordia, Agapanthus, *Hemerocallis, 

 Aletris, Tritoma, Veltheimia, Polianthes, Sanseviera, 

 Tulbagia, Brodiaea ? Aloe; of Lilia, Fritiilaria, Lilium, 

 Tulipa, Alstrcemeria, Gloriosa, Yucca, Erythronium, 

 Uvularia ; of Mdanihacea, Bulbocodium ; of Bromeliacea; 

 Buonapartea; of Berbcridta; Eiphylleia, Nandina; of Smila- 

 cea, Streptcpus, Convallaria, Smilacina, Polygonatum, 

 Ophiopogon ; of Heemodoracur, Lophiola, Lanaria, Anigo- 

 zanthos ; of Berberidea, I^ontice, Caulophyllum, Berberis ; 

 of Aroidta, Acorus, Orontium, '1 upistra, Peliosanthes ; 

 Tacca ? of Palm*, Corypha, I.icuala, 1 hrinax, Calamus ; of 

 Juncea, Juncus, Luzula ; of Rhamni, Prinos ; of Rubiacea; 

 Hillia, Richardia ; of Cantpanulccea, Canarina ; of Caryo. 

 phyllea?, Frankenia; of Salicaria, Peplis; of Graminea; 

 Bambusa, Ehrharta. 106 Gen. 730 Sp. 



2. Digynia has but few genera. It contains of Graminea', 

 Orvz'a, the Rice, of which there now seems to be more than 

 one species ; of Convolculactg, Falkia ; of Polijgonea; Atra- 

 phaxis. 3 Gen. 4 Sp. 



3. Trigun!a. It contains of Polygonac, Rumex ; of Juncea T 

 Flacellaria ; of Alitmaccx, Scheuchzeria, Triglochin ; of 

 Melunth'acta-, Tofieldia, Melanthium, Colchicum, Helo- 

 nias, Nolina : of Smilacea t Myrsiphyllum, Medeola, Tril- 

 lium ; of Satades, Aponogeton ; of Palnue, Sabal. 14 Gen. 

 175 Sp. 



4. Polygynia. It contains of iIemspepnea, Wendlandia ; of 

 Hyirocharidece, Damosonium ; of Alirmacecc, A ctinocarpus, 

 Alisma. 4 Gen. 9 Sp. 



Class VII. Hepiandria. Stamens 7. Orders 4. 



1. Monogynia. It contains of Primulace,r, Trientalis ; of 

 Pedicul'arcs, Disandra ; of Sydaginece, Pisonia ; of Chenopoilea, 



Petiveria ; of Accra;, Jisculus ; of Jonesia ; of 



Aroidea, Dracontium, Calla. 8 Gen. 21 Sp. 



2. Digynia. It contains of Portubicea;, Limeum. 1 Gen. 1 Sp. 



3. Tet'ragynia. It contains of Naiades, Saururus. 1 Gen. 



4. Heptagynia. It contains of Sanperviva, Scptas. 1 Gen- 

 3Sp. 



K2 



