134 



SCIENCE OF GARDENING. 



Part II. 



It contains of Corymbifera, *Tanacetum, *Artemfcta, 

 *Gnaphalium, Xeraiitheinum, ElichrystHn.Carpeiiuni, Bac- 

 charis, *Convza, Madia, *Erigeron, *Tussilago, ,*Senecio, 

 *Aster, *Solidago, *Cineraria, *Inula, Grindeha.TodoIepis, 

 Arnica, Doronirum, Perdicllim.TettBgmotheea, Ximenesia, 

 Helenium, *Bellis, tBellium, Dahlia, Tagete;, Heterosper- 

 mum, Schkuhria, Pectis, Eeysera, Helhania, Zinnia, Chry- 

 santhemum, *Pvrethrum, *Matricaria, Boltonia, Eid.>eckia, 

 Cenia, Cotula, Grangca, Anacyclus, *Anthemis, hanvitaha, 

 Achillea, Balbisia, Amellus, Starkea, Eclipta, Chrysan- 

 thellum, Siegesbeckia, Verbesina, Synedrclla, Gahnsogea, 

 Acmella, Zaluzania, PascaUa, Heliopsis, Buphthalmum. 

 60 Gen. 673 Sp. .... 



3. Polugamia frustanea. Florets of the disk, as in the preceding, 

 perfect or united ; those of the margin neuter, or destitute oi 

 pistils as well as of stamens ; only some few genera having the 

 rudiments of pistils in their radiant florets. This order is, 

 still more evidently than the last, analogous to double flowers 

 of other classes. It contains of Corymbifera, Helianthus, 

 Galardia, Rudbeckia, Cosmea, Coreopsis, Osmites, Pallasia, 

 Sclerocarpus, (Jullumia, Berckheya, Didelta, Gorteria, Ga- 

 zania, Crvptostemma, Arctotheca, Sphenogyne; otCynaro- 

 cephala, Zcegea, *Centaurea, Galactites. 19 Gen. 177 Sp. 



4. Polygamia necessaria. Florets of the disk furnished with 

 stamens onlv; those of the margin or radius, only with pistiLs ; 

 so that both* are necessary to each other. It contains of Co- 

 xymtiferx, Milleria, Flaveria, Baltimora, Silphium, Alcina, 

 Polymnia, Melampodium, Chaptalia, Calendula, Arctotis, 

 Osteospermum, Othonna, Hippia, Gymnostyles, Psiadia, 

 Eriocephalus, Filago, Ivlicropus, Parthenium, Iva. 20 Gen. 



100 Sp. 



5. Polygamia segregata. Several flowers, either simple or com- 

 pound, but with united tubular anthers, and with a partial 

 calvx, all included in one general calyx. It contains of Co- 

 np'nbtfera, Elephantopus, (Edera, Stcebe, Nauenburgia; of 

 Ciinarocephala f Sph^ranthus, Eehinops, Rolandra, Brotera, 

 Gundelia. 10 Gen. 17 Sp. 



Class XX. Gynandria. Stamens inserted either upon the 

 style or germen. Orders 3. 



1. Monandria. Stamen, or sessile anther, one only. It con- 

 tains of Orchidew, *()rchis, Gymnadenia, *Aceras, *Hermi. 

 nium, Habenaria, Bartholina, Serapias, *Ophrys, *Satyrium, 

 Disa, Ptervgodium, Disperis, Goodyera, Neottia, Ponthieva, 

 Diurus, Tiielvmitra, *Listera, Epipactis, Pogonia, Caladenia, 

 Glossodia, Fterostylis, Caleya, Calopogon, Arethusa, Bletia, 

 Geodorum, Calypso, Malaxis, Corallorrhiza, Isochilus, Or- 

 nithidium, Stelis, Pleurothallis, Octomeria, Aerides, Cryptar- 

 rhena, Dendrobium, Gomesa, Cymbidium, Brassia, Onci- 

 dium, Cyrtopodium, Brassavola, Broughionia, Epidendrum, 

 Vanilla. 48 Gen. 122 Sp. , ,. 



2. Diandria. Containing of Orchidete, *Cypripedium ; of Stylt- 

 dea, Stvlidium ; of Urticea t Gunnera. oGen. 10 Sp. 



3. Hexandria. Containing of Aristolochia, * Aristolochia. 

 lGen. 19 Sp. 



Class XXI. Monacia. Stamens and pistils in separate flowers, 

 but both growing on the same individual plant. Orders 9. 



1. Monandria. Contains oi Naiades, Zannichellia, *C'hara; of 

 Chenopodea, Ceratocarpus ; of Urticea, Artocarpus ; of Casua- 

 rinea, Casuarina. 5 Gen. 16 Sp. 



2. Diandria. Contains of Cucurbitacea, Anguria; of Naiades, 

 *Lemna. 2 Gen. S Sp. 



3. Triandria. Contains of Typhina, *Typha, *Sparganium ; 

 of Graminca, Zea, Tripsacum, Coix, Olyra; of Cyperacea, 

 *Carex; of Amentacea, Coinptonia; of Chenopodeee, Axyris; 

 of Euphorbiacea, Tragia; of Laurhue, Hernandia. 11 Gen. 



101 Sp. 



4. Tdrandria. Contains of Rhr.mni t Aucuba ; of Diosmea, 

 Empleurum; of Onagrariie, Serpicula; of Plantaginea, *Lit- 

 torella; of Amentacea, *Alnus; of Euphorbiacea, Cicca, 

 *Buxus, Pachysandra; of Chenopodea, Diotis; of Urticea, 

 *Urtica, Bcehmeria, Morus. 12 Gen. 41 Sp. 



5. Pentandria. Contains of Menispermea t Schisandra; of Corym- 

 bifera t Nephelium, Xanlhiuni, Ambrosia, Franseria; Cucur- 

 bitacea, Lulfa ; Amaranthacea, Amaranthus. 7 Gen. 48 Sp. 



6. Hexandria. Contains of Graminece, Zizania, Pharus ; of .Ku- 

 biacetB, Guettarda ; of Palma, Cocos, Bactris, Elate, Sagus. 

 7 Gen. 11 Sp. 



7. Polyandria. Stamens more than seven. Contains of Naiades, 

 *Ceratophyllum,*MyriophyIlum ; of.-l/i*ice<E,*Sagittaria; 

 of Begonia'cea, Begonia; or Euphorbiacea, A cidoton; of Co- 

 nifera, Salisburia ; of Graminece, Pariana ; of Urticea;, The- 

 lygonum; of Rosacea?, *Foterium; of Terebintacea, Juglans; 

 oiAmentacea, *C-.uercus, +Fagus, *Castanea, *Betula, *Car- 

 pinus, Ostrya, *Corvlus, Flatanus, Liquidambar ; of Ariodea, 

 *Arum, Caladium ;' of Palme, Caryota. 22 Gen. 189 Sp. 



8. Monadelphia. Contains of Palma, Areca; of Conifera, 

 * Pinus, Thuja, Cupressus, Podocarpus ; of Euphorbiacea, 

 Plukenetia, Dalechampia, Acalypha, Croton, Jatropha, Rici- 

 nus, Omphalea, Hipjiomane, Sapium, Phyllanthus, Stillingia, 

 Aleurites, Hura; ot Sterculiacea?, Sterculia; of Malpighiacca, 

 Heretiera; of Cucurbitacea, Trichosanthes, Momordica, Cu- 

 curbita, Cucumis, *Br-,onia, Sicyos. 26 Gen. 158 Sp. 



9 Gynandria, Contains oi Euphorbiacea, Andrachne. 1 Gen. 

 1 Sp. 



Class XXII. Diacia. Stamens and pistils in separate flowers, 

 situated on two separate plants. Orders 13. 



1. Monandria. Contains of Pandanea, Pandanus. 1 Gen. 

 4 Sp. 



2. Diandria. Contains of Urticea, Cecropia; of Amentacea, 

 *Salix; of Euphorbiacea, Borya. 3 Gen. 87 Sp. 



3. Triandria. Contains of Ericea t *Empetrum; of Terebinta- 

 cae.Stilago; of Santu/ncea t O.^vris; of Restiacea, Willdenovia, 

 Restio, hlegia; of Palma, Phoenix. 7 Gen. 12 Sp. 



4. Tetrandia. Contains of Rubiacca, Anthospermum ; of 



Trophis, Scha;Keria, Picramnia ; of Terelnntacea, Antidesma ; 

 of Onagraria, Montinia; of I^oranthacea, *Viscum; of Tcre- 

 bintacea, Brucea ; of Urticea, Broussonetia ; of Elaagni, Hip- 

 popha;; of Amentacea, *Myrica; of Proteacea, Aulax, Lcuco- 

 dendron. 13 Gen. 46 Sp. 



5. Pentandria. Contains of Terelnntacea, Pistacia, Zanthoxy- 

 lum; of Euphorbiacea, Securinega; of Amaranthacea, Iresine; 

 of Chenopodea, *Spinacia, Acnida; of Urticea, *Cannabis, 

 *HumuIus. 8 Gen. 18 Sp. 



v. Hexandria. Contains of Smilacca, Smilax ; *Tamus ? of 



Diofcorhta, Rajanla, Dioscorea; of /.7<nacr,Maba; of Palma, 

 Elais, Chamanlorea, Borassus. 8 Gen. 36 Sp. 



7. Octandria. Stamens 8. Contains of Amentacea, *Populus ; 

 of Sempcrviva, *Rhodiola. 2 Gen. loSp. 



8. Enneandria. Stamens!). Contains of Euphorbiacea, *Mer 

 curialis; of //.i/</roc/i(in</ap,*Hydrocharis. 2 Gen. 6 Sp. 



9. Decandria. Stamens 10. Contains of Cucurbitacea t Carica; 

 of Leguminesa, Gvmnocladus; of Euphorbiacea, Kiggelaria; 

 of Terebinlacca, Schinus ; of Coriaria. .5 Gen. 9 Sp. 



10. Dotlecandria. Stamens 11. Contains of Hydrocharulea, 

 *Stratiotes; of Euphorbiacea, Hyaenanche; of Tcrcbintucea, 

 Euclea, Datisca ; of Menhpermea, Menispcrmum, Cocculus, 

 6 Gen. 12 Sp. 



11. Icosandria. Stamens 12. Contains of Tilincca, Flacourtia ; 

 of Gelonium, Rottlera. 3 Gen. 6 Sp. 



12. Polyandria. Stamens numerous. Contains of 



Trewia; of Ebemicea, Embryouteris; of Rosacea, Cliifbrlia; 

 of Cncadea, Cycas, Zamia. 5 G"en. 26 Sp. 



13. lilonadelphui. Stamens united. Contains of Conifera, 

 Araucaria, *Juniperus, *Taxus, *Ephedra ; of Menispermea, 



Cissampelos ; of Euphorbiacea, Exctecaria, Adelia; of 



Loureira, Nepenthes; at MjtritUctae. Myri^tica; of Smilaceat 

 Ruscus ; of Palma, Latania. 12 Gen. 40 Sp. 



14. Gipiamlria. Stamens inserted in the style. Contains of 

 Euplwrbiacca, Cluytia. 1 Gen. 8 Sp. 



Class XXIII. Pohjgamia. Stamens and pistils separate in 

 some flowers, ratted in others, either on the same plant or on 

 two or three distinct ones ; such difference in the essential 

 organs being moreover accompanied with a diversity in the 

 accessory parts of the flowers. Orders 2. 



1. Monacia. United flowers accompanied with barren or fer- 

 tile, or both, all on one plant. It contains of Musacea, Musa ; 

 oO/c/rt)i//irtte,Veratrum ; of Graniinea, Andropogon, Chloris, 

 Penicillaria, Sorghum, *Holcus, Ischaemum, .-Et<ilops, Mani- 

 suris; of Rubiacea, Valantia; of Urticea, * Parietaria ; of 

 Chenopodea, *Atriplex, llhagodia; of Cwnbretacea, Termina- 

 lia ; of Sav.tulacea, Fusanu:. ; of Proteacea, Brabejum ; of 



Feronia; of Terebintac ex, A ilanthus ; of Gutiif era, 



Clusia; of Apocyuea, Ophioxylon ; of Accrina, *Acer; of 

 Amentacea, Celtis; of Rhamnit Gouania; of Umbellifera, 

 Hermas; of Leguminosa, Inga, Mimosa, Schrankia, Desman- 

 thus, Acacia; of Palnue, llhapis. 31 Gen. 201 Sp. 



2. Diacia. The different flowers on two different plants. 

 Contains of Leguminosa, Gleditschia, Ceratonia; of Oleina, 



Fraxinus; of Brosimum; of Tercbintacea; Hamil- 



tonia ; of Laurophyllus ; of Ebenacea, Dio-,pyros ; 



ut Kjfirimm Tjffjnlnr ." of Santalucea? Nyiea; ofTerebir.tacea, 

 Bursera; of Umbellifera j Arctopus; of Aralia, Panax; of 

 Urticea, Ficus ; of Palma, Chamcerops. 14 Gen. 76 Sp. 



Class XXIV. Cryptogamia. Stamens and pistils either not 

 well ascertained, or not to be numbered with any certainty. 

 Orders 10. 



1. Gonopteridcs. Fructification in a terminal catkin. Contains 

 of Eauisctacea, *Euuisetum. 1 Gen. 7 Sp. 



2. Stuchyopterides. Fructification in a spike. Contains of Ly- 

 copodinea, *I,vcopodium, Psilotum ; of Filices, *Ophioglos- 

 sum, *Botrychium. 4 Gen. IS Sp. 



3. Poropterides. Capsules opening by a pore. Contains ofFi- 

 lices, Marattia. 1 Gen. 1 Sp. 



4. Filices. Fructification on the back, summit, or near the 

 base of the frond This order contains of Filices, Acrosti- 

 chum, Uemionitis, Meniscium, Grammitis, *Polypodium, 

 *Woodsia, Nephrodium, Allantodia, *Aspidium" *Asple- 

 nium, *Scolopendrium, Diplazium, *Pteris, Vittaria, Ono- 

 clea,*Blechnum, VV'oodwardia, Doodia, *Adiantum, Cheil- 

 anthes, I.onchitis, Davallia, Dicksor.ia, Cyathea, *Tricho- 

 manes, *IIymenophyllum. 26 Gen. 130 Sp. 



5. Hydroptertdes. Fructification nearly radical. Contains of 

 Mur.'ileacea, *Is^tes, *Pilularia. 2 Gen. 2 Sp. 



6. Schismatopteridcs. Fructification in branched spikes. Con- 

 tains of Filices, Lygodium, Anemia, *Osmunda. 3 Gen. 9 Sp. 



7. Musci. Messes. These are really herbs with distinct leaves, 

 and freauently as distinct a stem. It contains of the natural 

 order of the same name, and described in Smith's Flora liri- 

 tannica, *Andraea, *Bartramia, *Bryum, *Buxbaumia, 

 *Encalypta, *Fontinalis, *Funaria, *Grimmia, *Gymnosto- 

 mum, *Hookeria, *Hypnum, *Mnium, *Xeckera, *Ortho- 

 trichum, *Phascum, *Polytrichum, *l'terogonium, Sphag- 

 num, *Splachnum, *Tetraphis, *Tortuia, * Trichosto- 

 mum, and numerous others, amounting by estimateto 460 Sp. 



(See Turner's Hisloria Muscorum.) 



8. Hepatica. Liverworts. Of these the herbage is commonly 

 frondose, the fructification originating from what is at the 

 same time both leaf and stem. This character, however, 

 proves less absolute than one founded on their capsules, which 

 differ essentially from those of the preceding order in having 

 nothing like a lid or operculum. The corolla, or veil, of some 

 of the genera is like that of Mosses, but usually bursts at the 

 top. The barren flowers in some are similar to the stamens 

 ofthe last -mentioned plants, as in Jungcrmannia (see Hooker's 

 Monograph of this genus) ; in others they are of some peculiar 

 conformation, as in Marchantia, where they are imbedded in 

 a disk like the seeds of lichens, in a manner so contrary to all 

 analogy, that botanists can scarcelv agree which are the "barren 

 and which the fertile flowers of this genus. Linnx-us com- 

 prehended this order under the following one, to which, 

 says Sir J. E. Smith, it is most assuredlv far less akin than to 

 the foregoing. British species estimated at S5. 



9. Alga. Flags. In this order the herbage is frondose, some- 

 times a mere crust, sometimes of a leathery or gelatinous tex- 

 ture. The seeds are imbedded, either in the frond itself, or in 

 some peculiar receptacle. The barren flowers are but im- 

 perfectly known. The aquatic or submersed Alga form a dis- 

 tinct and peculiar tribe. Some of these abound in fresh water, 

 others in the sea, whence the latter are commonly denomin- 

 ated sea-weeds. British species 18. 



10. Lichencs. Herbage frondose and leathery ; seeds generally 

 in the frond. This order was included by Einna;us under the 

 former one. Estimated number of British species 373. 



11. Fungi. Mushrooms. These cannot properly be said to 

 have any herbage. Their substance is fleshv, generally of 

 quick growth and short duration, differing in firmness, from 

 a watery pulp to a leathery or even woody texture. By some 

 naturalists they have been thought of an animal nature, chiefly 

 because of their foetid scent in decay, and because Utile vrhjte 



