138 



SCIENCE OF GARDENING. 



Part II. 



26. Graminea, contains ot Dividr Dlgyv. *Anthoxanthum ; 

 of Triand. Motwgyn. *Nardus, Lygeum, Cornucopia;, Cen- 

 chrus, *Sesleria,I,imnetis; of Ir'mmlr Trigyn. *Tricho- 

 dium, Sporabolus, *Agrostis, *Knappia, Pterotis, *Poly- 

 pogon,*Stipa,Trisetum,*Avena,*Bromus,*F.>tuca,*Tri- 

 ticum, *Secale, *Hordeum, *Elymus, *I.olhim, Kjeteria, 

 *Glyeeria, *Poa,*Triodia, OCatamagrostls, *Arundo,*Aira, 

 *Melica, Kc)iinaria, J.appago, Eleusine, Ohrysurus, *Cyno- 

 suru-i, Beckmannia, *l)actvlis, Uniola, *Briz.a, *Cynodon, 

 Milium, *I.agurus, *Alopecurus, *Phleum, Crypsis,*Pha- 

 laris, Torrettia, Paspalium, Diijitaria, I'anicum, Orlhopogon, 

 Pennisetum, Saccharum, *Rottbollia, IMiclirochloa, I.eer- 

 dut uf JTiiKTwrh Moiwgyn. Bambusa, Ehrharta ; of Hexawlr. 

 Digyn. Orvza; of Mwuec. Triimdr. Zea, Trip>acum, t'oix, 

 Olyra; of JHuiuec. HtxarAr. Zizania, Pharus; of Putygam. 

 .ttWf. Andropogon, Chloris, Penicillaria, Sorghum, *Hol- 

 cus, Ischa'inum, iEgilops, Manisuris. 74 Gen. 377 Sp. 



Cr.Ass IX. Moxocotyi.kdone^?. Cryptogamece, in which the 

 fructification is concealed, unknown, or irregular. Five 

 Orders. 



Order 1. Nautilecc, contains of Monandr. Slonogyn. *Hippuris ; 

 of Diamlr. Digyn. *Calitriche ; of Tdraml. Tetrugyn. *Rup- 

 pia; of Hejca'wlr. Trigyn. Aponogeton; of Hqdand. Te- 

 tragon. Saumrus ; of TUoiurc. Monamlr. * Zannichelia, 

 *Criara; of Mona-c. Diand. *Eemna; of Mmurc. Polyand. 

 *Ceratophvllum, *Myriophyllum. 10 Gen. '23 Sp. 



2. Equisetucew, contains of Cryptog. Gonoptcrid. *Equisctum. 

 1 Gen. 7 Sp. 



3. Marsiliacew, contains of Cryptogam. Hydropterid. *Isoetes, 

 *Pilularia. 8 Gen. <2 Sp. 



4. Ltfoopodhntte, contains oT Cryptogam. Slachyoptcnd. *Lyco)H> 

 dium, Psilotum. '2 Gen. 12 Sp. 



5. Filices, contains ofCryptogam. Siachyoptend. *Ophioglossum, 

 Botrychium ; of Cn/pto. Poropterid. Marattia; of Crypto*. 

 Schumtrioiiterid. Lvgotlium, Anemia, *Osmunda;of Cryptog. 

 Filk. Acrbsticum, Hemionitis, Meniscium, Grammitis, *Po- 

 lvpodium, Allantodia, *Aspidum, *Asplenium, *Scolopen- 

 drium, Diplazium, *Pteris, Vittaria, Onoclea, *Blechnum, 

 AVoodwanlia, Doodia, *Adiantum, Cheilanthes, Eonchitis, 

 Davallia, Dtcksonia, Cyathea, *Trichomanes, *Hymeno. 

 phyllum. 32 Gen. 139 Sp. 



Chap. V. 



Vegetable Organology, or the external Structure of Plants. 



590. Vegetables are reducible to classes, according as they are distinguished by a structure, 

 or organisation, more complicated or more simple ; or, according as they are found to be 

 formed with or without certain parts or organs entering into the general idea of the plant. 

 The former constitute what may be denominated perfect plants, and form a class compre- 

 hending the principal mass of the vegetable kingdom. The latter constitute what may be 

 denominated imperfect plants, and form a class comprehending all such vegetables as are 

 not included in the foregoing class. Such is the arrangement of Keith, from whose 

 work, as by far the best for general purposes, we have chiefly extracted this and the 

 three following chapters. 



ect. I. Perfect Plants. 



591. The parts of perfect plants may be distributed into conservative and reproductive, as 

 corresponding to their respective functions in the economy of vegetation. 



Subsect. 1. Conservative Organs. 



592. The conservative organs are such as are absolutely necessary to the growth and 

 preservation of the plant, including the root, trunk, branch, leaf, and frond. 



The root is the principal organ of nutrition. 



The trunk constitutes the principal bulk of the individual. 



The branches are the divisions of the trunk, originating generally in the upper extremity, but often also 

 along the sides. 



The leaf is a temporary part of the plant, issuing generally from numerous points towards the extremi- 

 ties of the branches, but sometimes also immediately from the stem or root, and distinguishable by the 

 sight or touch into an upper and under surface, a base and an apex, with a midrib and lateral nerves. 



The frond is to be regarded as a compound of several of the parts already described; it consists of a 

 union or incorporation of the leaf, leaf-stalk, and branch or stem, forming as it were but one organ, of 

 which the constituent parts do not separate spontaneously from one another by means of the fracture of 

 any natural joint, as in the case of plants in general, but adhere together even in their decay. 



593. 



Subsect. 2. Consei-vative Appendages. 

 The conservative appendages are accessory or supernumerary parts found to accom- 



pany the conservative organs occasionally, but not invariably. 



Gems, or buds, are organised substances issuing from the surface of the plant, and containing the rudi- 

 ments of new and additional parts which they protrude ; or the rudiments of new individuals which they 

 constitute by detaching themselves ultimately from the parent plant, and fixing themselves in the soil. 



Glands are small and minute substances of various different forms, found chiefly on the surface of the 

 leaf and petiole, but often also on the other parts of the plant, and supposed to be organs of secretion. 



The tendril is a thread-shaped and generally spiral process issuing from the stem, branch, or petiole, and 

 sometimes even from the expansion of the leaf itself, being an organ by which plants of weak and climb- 

 ing stems attach themselves to other plants, or other substances for support ; for which purpose it seems 

 to be well fitted by nature, the tendril being much stronger than a branch of the same size. 



The stipules are small and foliaceous appendages accompanying the real leaves, and assuming the ap- 

 pearance of leaves in miniature. 



Ramcnta are thin, oblong, and strap-shaped appendages of a brownish color, issuing from the surface 

 of the plant, and somewhat resembling the stipule, but not necessarily accompanying the leaves. The 

 term, which literally signifies bits of chips or shavings, seems to have been employed by Linnaeus to de- 

 note the small and scattered scales that are frequently found on the stems of vegetables, originating in the 

 bark, and giving it a rough or chopped appearance. Hence a branch or stem that is covered with thin and 

 dry scales or flaps is said to be ramentaceous, as in the case of tamarix gallica. 



The armature consists of such accessory and auxiliary parts as seem to have been intended by nature to 

 defend the jrfant against the attacks of animals. 



The pubescence is a general term, including under it all sorts of vegetable down or hairiness, with which 

 the surface of the plant may be covered, finer or less formidable than the armature. 



Anomalies. There are several other appendages proper to conservative organs, which are so totally dif- 

 .ferent from all the foregoing, that they cannot be classed with any of them ; and so very circumscribed in 

 their occurrence, that they do not yet seem to have been designated by any peculiar appellation. The 



