Book III. BUILDINGS FOR RAISING WATER, S37 



roasters can expect any good service from men treated worse than horses, it is dim cult to 

 imagine ; but the case is ten-fold worse, when head-gardeners and their families are com- 

 pelled to lodge in these shed-houses. Independently of filth and incommodiousness, the 

 mother never fails to contract, early in life, rheumatism or ague ; and it is only the ex- 

 treme healthfulness of the employment of gardening, and the consequent vigor of the 

 operatives, that ward off till a later day the same and similar diseases in the fathers and 

 journeymen. 



1708. As a general arrangement of a gardener s house, office, and other apjyendagcs, the 

 house may form a centre ; the office, seed and fruit apartments, cellar, and garrets, one 

 wing ; and the lodge for under-gardeners, tool-house, &c. the other. 



1709. A line of sheds is generally placed behind the range of hot-houses, or be- 

 hind the hot- wall, or other high wall of the garden. These are used as stores, or places 

 of reserve for utensils, machines and implements, and for working-sheds. The width 

 and height of this line of sheds is necessarily regulated by the height of the wall. The 

 roof of the shed being towards the north, and therefore without the advantage of the sun 

 to dry it after rains, should not make an angle of less than 40 degrees with the horizon, 

 and as the lower wall or line of props ought, at least, to be seven feet high above the 

 level of the floor of the shed, the width is guided accordingly. All the fitting up requi- 

 site for the part destined to hold materials, is a few hooks and projecting pins for ladders, 

 &c and a sound floor, either paved or prepared with mortar, Roman cement, and scoria ; 

 and the whole, or the greater part of the division may have props or piers in front, in- 

 stead of a wall and windows. As these sheds generally contain the hot-house furnaces, 

 each of these, or every pair or group of them, ought to be enclosed with a low parapet to 

 retain the fuel, give an orderly and neat appearance, and guard against accidents by fire, 

 which might communicate with mats, litter, &c. Doors generally communicate with the 

 hot-houses at different points, and near to each of these should be a bench or table on 

 which to set or shift pots, &c. 



1710. The part of these sheds more particularly set apart for working, ought to be en- 

 closed with a wall on all sides, and warmed by a fire-place or flue. It ought to be made 

 perfectly light, and well aired by having numerous windows, and along these a range of 

 benches or tables, for potting cuttings or bulbs, sowing seeds, preparing cuttings, num- 

 ber-tallies, painting and naming them, preparing props for plants, hooks for layers, lists 

 for wall-trees, making baskets, wattled hurdles, and a great variety of other operations 

 performed in winter, or severe weather, when little or nothing can be done in the open 

 air. It may by some be thought too great a refinement to place a fire-place or a flue 

 in such sheds ; but if work is really expected to be done in them in cold weather, the 

 saving will soon be rendered obvious. 



1711. In small gardens, where there are no hot-houses, one small building is generally 

 devoted to all the purposes for which the office, seed, tool, and fruit rooms, and workinff- 

 sheds, are used. This should be fitted up with some degree of attention to the various 

 uses for which it is designed, and a fire-place never omitted. 



1712. Entrance lodges and gates more properly belong to architecture than gardening 

 But, as in small places, they are sometimes designed by the garden-architect, or land 

 scape-gardener, a few remarks may be of use. In respect to style, the lodcre' ought al- 

 ways to bear as much analogy as possible to the mansion. If the one is Grecian so 

 should the other ; but the lodge should display less decoration, because, as the mind 'na- 

 turally ascends from the less to the greater, the lodge would otherwise prove a false index 

 to the mansion. In regard to general form, a cubic mass with a central chimney is an 

 unvaried comfortless-looking dwelling, especially when small. It is an attempt to form 

 a whole without composing it of parts. A lodge, however small, to be a picturesque ob- 

 ject, ought to contain a principal and subordinate mass or masses, and in the composition 

 of which, the gate and piers may form one gradation. In respect to accommodations for 

 the occupier, it ought never to contain less than three apartments a kitchen or Hvine 

 room, back kitchen, and sleeping-room, with the usual conveniencies : and at least two 

 sleeping-rooms where there are children. A handsome architectural entrance is but a 

 poor compensation for its want of harmony with the mansion, of which that at Sion 

 House is an instance, and that at Blenheim of the contrary. But architects like all of 

 us are sometimes so wrapt up in their art, or their favorite part of it, that 'they fonret 

 that congruity of parts is essential to the unity of the whole. Y S 



1713. BuUdingsfor raising water. There are various contrivances for procuring 

 fnnnn /^-^"J where it is not found in springs, rills, or lakes ; and whereTg 

 S, tTltTlT" retaming * ^ Prind?al rftte * -"s/conduit-pip^ or 



* 3K2E 2?2* a? SS^&g'StfS* I $2& fe ,rx22 a "* 



beneath it A well otherwise excavated is a mere tank f the wat7 "iwJ 1 "' StratUm 0r in that 

 the surface strata. The form of the well is generally circular and to I?*?** ze ,. into * from 

 falling m of the sides, this circle is lined wfth timh^rnto^ 



