Book I. THE CABBAGE TRIBE. 607 



3477. Sweet herbs ; comprehending thyme, sage, clary, mint, balm, marjoram, savory, 

 basil, rosemary, lavender, tansy, costmary, and some of those in the preceding section. 



3478. Plants used i)i tarts, confectionary, and domestic medicine ; comprehending rhu- 

 barb, gourd, angelica, anise, coriander, caraway, rue, hyssop, chamomile, elecampane, 

 licorice, blessed thistle, wormwood, and some others. 



3479. Plants %ised as preserves and pickles ; comprehending love-apple, egg-plant, cap- 

 sicum, caper, samphire, and the red cabbage, Indian cress, radish, kidneybean, marsh 

 mangold, &c. included in other sections. 



3480. Edible indigenous plants neglected, or not in cultivation ; comprehending the sea- 

 beet, nettle, sea-peas, and a variety of other natives. 



3481. Edible British fungi ; comprehending the mushroom, truffle, and morel. 



3482. Edible British fuci ; comprehending the dulse, tangle, &c. 



Sect. I. The Cabbage Tribe. 



3483. The cabbage tribe is of all the classes of cultivated culinary vegetables, the most 

 ancient as well as the most extensive. The Brassica oleracea, Tetrad, siliq. Linn., and 

 Cruciferce, Juss. figured in Eng. Bot. t. 637., being extremely liable to sport, or run 

 into varieties and monstrosities, has in the course of time, become the parent of a numer- 

 ous race of culinary productions, so very various in their habit and appearance, that to 

 many it may appear not a little extravagant to refer them to the same origin. Besides 

 the different sorts of white and red cabbage, and Savoys, which form the leaves into a 

 head, there are various sorts of borecoles, which grow with their leaves loose in the natural 

 way, and there are several kinds of cauliflower and broccoli, which form their stalks or 

 flower-buds into a head. All of these, with the turnip-rooted cabbage and the Brussels 

 sprouts, claim a common origin from the single species of brassica above mentioned. 

 Cabbage of some sort, White, in his History of Selborne, informs us, must have been 

 known to the Saxons ; for they named the month of February Sjrrout kale. ' Being a 

 favorite with the Romans, it is probable the Italian cabbage would be introduced at an 

 early period into South Britain. To the inhabitants of the north of Scotland, cabbages 

 were first made known by the soldiers of the enterprising Cromwell, when quartered at 

 Inverness. (Edin. Encyc. art. Hort.) 



3484. The original cabbage-plant grows naturally on the sea-shores in different parts of 

 England, but it has not been observed in Scotland. It is a biennial plant ; the stem- 

 leaves are much waved and variously indented ; the color is sea-green, with occasionally 

 a tinge of purple. Early in the spring, the wild cabbage or colewort, from the sea-coast, 

 is said to be excellent, but it must be boiled in two waters to remove the saltness. The 

 roots may also be eaten, but they are not very tender. (Neill, in Ed, Encyc. and Martyn, 

 in Mill. Diet.) 



3485. A new arrangement of the cultivated species of brassica has been made by 

 Prof. Decandolle (Hort. Trans, vol. i. , and in his Beg. Veg.), but as many of the va- 

 rieties which the brassica oleracea assumes on the continent are little known here, and as 

 some of our varieties are omitted in Prof. Decandolle's enumeration, there does not 

 seem at present any sufficient reason to deviate from the usual British arrangement of this 

 genus. Prof. Decandolle's varieties, or races, of B. oleracea, are 



B. oleracea sylvestris, or wild cabbage I B. oleracea canitata, headed or leaved cabbage 



acephala, open cabbage, or borecole ca\ilo-rapa, turnip cabbage, and 



bullata, blistered cabbage, or Savoy botry tis, flowery cabbage, or cauliflower, and broccoli. 



Hie colza of the Dutch, he makes a distinct species (B. campestris), and also the turnip (B. Rapa), the 

 rape (B. Napus), and the summer rape of the Germans (B. prcecox). 



3486. The space occupied by this tribe in most kitchen-gardens may be estimated at one 

 eighth part of the open compartments, taking the whole year round ; and in cottage-gardens, 

 the heading cabbages and borecoles generally occupy one half of the whole space. We 

 shall take the varieties in the order of white cabbage, red cabbage, Savoy, Brussels 

 sprouts, borecole, cauliflower, and broccoli. 



Subsect. 1. White Cabbage. Brassica oleracea, var. a. capitata, L. and Dec. Chou 

 pomme, or cabus, Fr. ; Kopfkohl, Ger. ; and Cavolo, Ital. 



3487. The common or white garden-cabbage is too well known, and its uses too 

 universal, to require any description. It produces firm, compact heads, glaucous, green, 

 or greenish-yellow externally, but blanched within, and varying in different sorts from 

 three to twelve or fifteen inches' diameter, and from two to fifteen or twenty pounds' 

 weight. 



3488. Subvarieties. These are very numerous : the sorts chiefly cultivated are 



Small early dwarf 

 Early dwarf York 

 Large early York 

 Early dwarf sugar-loaf 

 Large sugar-loaf 

 East Ham 

 Early Battersea 

 Early Imperial 



Penton . Large round 



head; leaves white and 

 fleshy, wrinkled like the 

 Savoy, very delicate and 

 fine : in perfection dur- 

 ing the latter summer 

 months, when other cab 

 b ages are of strong flavor. 



Antwerp 

 Russian 



Early London hollow 

 Large hollow suear-loaf 

 Large oblong hollow 

 Large round winter 

 (white) 



Great drum-head flat- 

 topped 



Great round Scotch, or 

 white Strasbourg : from 

 which the German sour 

 krout is chitlly made. 



