KALENDARIAL INDEX. 



1159 



rieties of the stove fruits, before the middle of the 

 month. (2056.) Look over the grafted trees, and 

 slacken the bandages of your earlier and most ad- 

 vanced grafts and buds. 



Ornamental trees and shrubs. Plant cuttings of 

 hardv evergreens, as laurel-bay, privet, box, &c. in 

 the last fortnight. (7032.) Provide heath and bog- 

 earth for American and other sorts. (1981.) Go on 

 with budding rare species. 



Forest trees. Sow elm-seed, if you have not done 

 it before ; or do not choose to defer it till spring. 



Routine culture. Hoe, weed, &c. and keep 

 every part in perfect order ; look to your kitchen- 

 crops and ripening-seeds. Prepare ground from 

 which kitchen-crops have been removed for 

 planting. 



10. Trees. Permanent plantations and 

 park-scenery. 



Plant (2077.) evergreens in the last week, if the 

 weather is moist. Water to settle the roots, and 

 mulch and stake according to circumstances. U098.) 



Prune the birch, wild cherry, and maple tribe, at 

 the end of the month, when the leaves are begin- 

 ning to fall, as they are apt to bud later or earlier. 

 (2110 ) Evergreens at the end of the month. (65/2.) 



Prepare ground for planting next month, either 

 by ploughing, digging, trenching, or pitting, as the 

 case may be. (6816. and 6817.) . 



Destroy ferns, nettles, and other bulky weeds in 

 park-scenery, by bruising their stems with the 

 weeding-pincers (fig- 1 46 -), close by the surface : as 

 cutting them over is found a less permanent check 

 to their flowering again. 



SEPTEMBER. 



Greatest 



from the 

 Average. 



I-ondon - ! 59 63 

 Edinburgh 54 3 

 Dublia - | 59 35 



Average 



of the 



Barometer. 



30 09 



29 739 



30 239 



0-482 inch 



3-470 



3-021 



REMARKS. 



The temperature begins now to decline and to vary ; the 

 nights begin to lengthen, and heavy dews and diminished 

 transpiration and evaporation render arti6cial watering in 

 the open air less necessary, unless against trees on walls, to 

 keep down insects. Many varieties of fruits ripen during 

 this and the former month, which the young gardener 

 ought to study, and, when he can afford time from other 

 studies, he should make drawings of a few. 



1. Kalendar of animated nature round 

 London. 



In the first week : young broods of goldfinches 

 (Fringilla carduelis) appear ; the linnet (Fnngilla 

 linota) congregates; the bull (Bos taurus) makes 

 his shrill autumnal noise; and swallows (Hirundo 

 rustica) sing. 



Second week : common owls (Strix flammca) hoot ; 

 the saffron-butterfly (Papilio hyale) and willow 

 red under-wing moth (Phalcena picta) appear; 

 herrings (Clupea harengus) are now cheap. 



Third week : the ring-ouzle (Turdus torquatus) 

 appears ; the flycatcher (Muscicapa atricapilla) 

 withdraws. 



Fourth week: the stare (Sturnus vulgaris) con- 

 gregates ; the wood-lark (Alanda arborea) sings ; 

 the woodcock (Scolopax rusticola) and feldfare 

 (Turdus pilaris) appear; and the swallow (Hirundo 

 rustica) departs. 



2. Kalendar of vegetable nature round 

 London. 



In the first week : the fungus balotus albus ap- 

 pears ; traveller's joy (Clematis alba) and pamassia 

 palustris in flower. 



Second week: catkins of the hazel and birch 

 formed; blossoms, and green, red, and black berries 

 found on the bramble at the same time ; leaves 

 of the sycamore, birch, lime, mountain-ash, and 

 elm begin to change. 



Third week : the ivy (Hedera helix), laurel (Pru- 

 nas laurocerasus), and furze (Ulcx europceus) in 

 flower. 



Fourth week : hips, haws, and nuts ripe ; leaves 

 of plane-tree (Platanus^ tawny ; of the hazel, yel- 

 low ; of the oak, yellowish green ; of the sycamore, 

 dirtv brown; of the maple, pale yellow ; of the ash, 

 fine lemon ; of the elm, orange ; of the hawthorn, 

 tawny yellow ; of the cherry, red ; of the hornbeam, 

 bright yellow ; of the willow, hoary. 



3. Kitchen-garden. Culinary veget- 

 ables. 



Sow (2071.) small salads twice or thrice on a south 

 border, chervil, corn-salad, cress of sorts may still be 

 sown to stand over winter. (4032. to 4072.) Radish in 

 the first week for a late autumn crop. (3760.) Lettuce 

 in the first week for standing the winter under a 

 south wall, and under cold-frames. (3970.) Spin- 

 age in the first fortnight for use late in spring. 

 (3773.) 



Protect cucumbers and melons, at night, by mat- 

 ting or otherwise as the case may be. (3164.) 



Propagate (1985.) as in April, culinary herbs and 

 under-shruhs. 



Transplant (2079.) all articles intended for use the 

 current autumn, during the first week. The bras- 

 sica tribe, leeks, celery, endive, &c. for winter and 

 spring use. Seedling cauliflowers, where you think 

 you can ensure their standing through the winter. 

 Try a bed of sandy loam or lime rubbish under a 



4 



tree or south wall. (3546.) Make plantations of 

 herbs. . 



Routine culture. Earth up and stir only in dry 

 weather. Stick, stop, support, cut down, blanch, 

 and thin where you see it necessary ; no time is to 

 be lost at this season. 



Taking crops. (2290.) Take up potatoes, and do 

 it effectually. Gather pickling cucumbers, onions, 

 nasturtium-seeds, and other pickling articles. Ga- 

 ther herbs and take ripe seed. Remove all de- 

 cayed leaves, haulm, stems, &c. and the remains of 

 all crops, which have been taken, so as to preserve 

 order and neatness, and make way for other crops 

 or winter fallows. (2600.) 



Destroy insects and vermin. (2276.) 



Store-room and cellar. Dress, sort, and put up 

 seeds which have been well dried. Finish housing 

 edible bulbs of the alliaceous tribe and potatoes 

 (2298. and 2299.) 



4. Hardy fruit department. 



Plant (2077.) strawberries for a main plantation, 

 this being the best month in the year for that pur- 

 pose. (4717.) Pot strawberries for forcing. i3S36.) 



Prepare ground for planting, and towards the end 

 of the month, if the wood of young peach and apri- 

 cot trees be ripe you may remove them. 



Prune (2110.) and regulate summer shoots, but cut 

 little after the middle of the month. Thin leaves 

 sparingly. 



Routine culture. Provide composts for recruiting 

 old borders and forming new ones. Protect choice 

 fruit, especially grapes, from birds and flies. After 

 the crops of wall-trees or compartment borders 

 are gathered, dig and dress the borders. Dress and 

 fork up strawberry-beds. 



Take (2290.) pea"ches, grapes, early apples, pears, 

 plums, &c. the dessert sorts, with fruit-gatherer, and 

 sorts for the kitchen, with the hand gloved. Choose, 

 if possible, dry weather for gathering all sorts of 

 fruit. 



Destroy insects, especially acarus, and guard 

 against wasps and large blue flies (2276.) 



Fruit -room. (2298.) Lay up apples and pears for 

 keeping a few months ; in general, the long keeping 

 sorts ripen late in the season. 



5. Culinary hot-house department. 

 Glass case without artificial heat. Sow small sa- 

 lads under hand-glasses or frames in the last week. 

 (4078.) Take off the glasses from cauliflower-plants 

 in all mild days. 



Hot-beds and pits. Attend to late crops of melons 

 and cucumbers ; keep up the temperature, and be 

 discreet in the use of water. (3164. and 3271.) Begin 

 to build mushroom-beds, either in or out of doors. 

 This month and March are the two best seasons. 

 Plant suckers and crowns of pines on rotten tan 

 placed on dung, or other fermenting beds or pits 



Pinery. (2697.) You will still have abundance of 



fruit ; attend to what was said in July. Renovate 



your bark or leaf beds when necessary, and keep up 



the full heat till vour fruit is chieflv ripened off, or 



E 4 



