110 



A. I. RINGER 



That normal leucin does give rise to glucose was demonstrated by Greeu- 

 wald (1910 (e)). 



Aspartic. acid is definitely known to give rise to glucose to the extent 

 of three of its carbons. (Ringer and Lusk, 1910; Ringer, Frankel and 

 Jonas, 1 1)1 .'5 ( b ) ) . It does not give rise to acetone bodies. In all probability 

 the process of its conversion into glucose is the following: 



COOH COOH COOH COOH 



CIL 



CIIXIIo CHOH CO COOII 



l 



COOH 



CO 2 

 Aspartic acid Malic acid Oxalacctic acid Malonic acid 



CO, / \ COOH 



CH 3 



I 

 CHOH 



! 



COOH 

 Lactic acid 



CHo 



CH,OH 



CO, 



Hydracrylic acid 



Glucose 



Glutamic acid is convertible into glucose to the extent of three of its 

 carbons. It does not give rise to acetone bodies. (Lusk, 1908 (a) ; Ringer, 

 Frankei and Jonas, 1913 (&)). 



After deamination it probably passes through succinic and malic stages 

 and then proceeds as indicated under aspartic acid. 



COOH COOH COOH COOH COOII 



^lutamic acid. (Dakin, 1919). 



acid is convertible into glucose to the extent as is 



