732 HENRY G. BARBOUE 



According to Salant and Wise calcium does not protect against zinc 

 glycosuria in rabbits. 



Upon the permeability of the kidneys for sugar, there appears to be no 

 question of the inhibitory influence of the alkaline earths, but their 

 excessive occurrence occasionally favors glycosuria, probably asphyxial in 

 nature. 



Purin Metabolism. Abl maintains that calcium prevents cinchophen 

 (atophan) from increasing the excretion of uric acid. But Gudzent, 

 Maase and Zondek state that calcium, like cinchophen, increases the uric 

 acid of the urine at the expense of the blood. 



Pohl found that two grams of calcium chlorid per os decreased allan- 

 toin excretion from 0.397 to 0.104 gram. It did not alter the effect 

 of epinephrin which was to increase both allantoin and uric acid excre- 

 tion. 



Strontium is stated by Lehnerdt to increase uric acid excretion. 



Growth and Reproduction. Emmerich and Loew found that the 

 administration of calcium salts to female mice, guinea pigs and rabbits 

 was followed by an increase in the number of pregnancies and of offspring. 

 Pearl (a) has observed that such salts accelerate growth in female (but not 

 in male) chicks and that this effect can be inhibited by corpus hitcmn 

 extract. According to Cramer the growth in vitro of cells of mouse 

 carcinoma is inhibited, with loss of water, by calcium chlorid. Sodium 

 ions antagonize this effect. 



Aluminium. Schmidt and Hoagland maintain that aluminium, like 

 calcium and magnesium, deflects phosphates from the intermediary metab- 

 olism in man. In special cases a low phosphate intake may be excreted 

 entirely in the feces, in combination with aluminium. 



HI. Acids and Alkalies 



Neutrality Regulation. The mechanism which regulates the con- 

 centration of free hydrogen ions in the blood and tissues is very delicate. 

 In sixty miscellaneous medical cases Levy, Rowntree and Marriott found 

 the reaction of the serum normal (Ph = 7.6-7.8) ; the whole blood was 

 also nearly unchanged (Ph = 7.1-7.3). Even when symptoms of acidosis 

 are present the alkalinity is but little decreased (serum Ph = 7.2-7.5) ; 

 alkali therapy combats this decrease. In diabetic coma Masel found 

 Ph = 7.11 just before death. 



The addition of hydrochloric acid to acidosis blood was found by Van 

 Slyke to raise its H-ion concentration relatively more than when added 

 to normal blood ; thus the essential change in acidosis is loss of reserve 

 alkali. VanSlyke defines acidosis as "a condition in which the concen- 

 tration of bicarbonate in the blood is reduced below the normal level." 



