ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 



117 



Cynipidae. In some Cynipidae, however, males are unknown; such is 

 the case also in some Tenthredinidae. The statement has long been made 

 that the unfertilized eggs of worker ants, bees and wasps produce invari- 

 ably males; it has been found, however, that the parthenogenetic 

 worker eggs of the ant La- 

 sius niger may produce normal 

 workers (Reichenbach, Mrs. A. 

 B. Comstock). Males may, of 

 course, result from fertilized eggs, 

 as in the honey bee, according to 

 Dickel, who maintains, indeed, 

 that all the eggs laid by the queen 

 bee are fertilized. Partheno- 

 genesis has been recorded as OC- FlG l86 . -Hermaphrodite gypsy moth, 

 CUrring also in a few moths, some Porthetria dispar; right side, male; left, 

 ^ . 7 female. Natural size. After TASCHENBERG 

 Coccidae and many Thysanoptera. from Hertwig's Lehrbuch. 



Paedogenesis. In Miastor 



and a few other genera of Cecidomyiidce young are produced by the larva. 



This extraordinary form of parthenogenesis is termed pcedo gene sis, and is 



limited apparently to the family Cecidomyiidae. The paedogenetic larvae 



of Miastor (Fig. 187) develop before the oviducts have appeared and 



escape by the rupture of the 

 mother. After several suc- 

 cessive generations of this 

 kind the resulting larvae pu- 

 pate and form normal male 

 and female flies. 



An excellent account of 



Miastor has been given by Dr. Felt, who has discovered this remarkable 



genus in New York State. 



The pupa of a species of Chironomus occasionally deposits unfertilized 



eggs, which develop, however, in the same manner as the fertilized eggs 



of the species. 



FIG. 187. Young paedogenetic larvae of Miastor 

 in the body of the mother larva. Greatly enlarged. 

 After PAGENSTECHER. 



