viii PREFACE 



very mixed and turbulent populations and immense 

 natural difficulties. India, with its great prestige, 

 influence, and order should have led the way, and 

 INIalaria and Plague should have been well in hand 

 by now. It has yet to wake up, for at present it 

 lags far behind in the race, crippled largely by 

 tradition. 



The University of Liverpool, 

 January 1910. 



