YELLOW FEVER IN UNITED STATES AND SPAIN 125 



historian Ulloa, who resided for some years in that 

 country. The word pricfo appears to })e the Portuguese 

 or nearly obsolete Spanish term for black. In Spanish 

 the word nc^ro is now universally substituted. A 

 small pamphlet of sixty-two pages by a Dr. Gastel- 

 bondo, written at Carthagena (S.xV.) in 1753 and 

 printed at JMadrid in 1755, was probably the first work 

 ex ijrofesso on the black vomit as it appeared in South 

 America. He gives his experience of the disease during 

 forty years. He says on the title page that he is about 

 to write about a disease of frequent occurrence in that 

 part of the world, mentions change of climate and mode 

 of living among some of the causes of the disease in 

 new-comers, and says that the natives of Carthagena, 

 Vera Cruz, etc., were not subject to attacks of the true 

 black vomit fever, though liable to the " Chapetonada," 

 a disease resembling it in some respects. 



From its home in Central and South America we 

 find yellow fever carried into other latitudes along the 

 trade routes or by the returning soldiers. Time was 

 when Baltimore, Philadelphia, Boston, and the Southern 

 States of Mississippi, Louisiana, Tennessee were ravaged 

 by yellow fever ; this was the period when there was 

 an extensive and unguarded trade intercourse with the 

 ^Vest Indies and Central America. A mortality of 

 50 to GO per cent, of the population was often recorded 

 in those days. 



" It seems strange," writes Gilkrest, referring to the 

 epidemic at Cadiz, " that writers should have over- 

 looked the remarkable epidemics at that place in the 



