RIO AND SANTOS 



189 



kilos of sulphur were used. And this brought it about 

 that in the summer of 1909, in spite of the arrival of 

 some 45,219 new-comers, the word went forth that 

 yellow fever no longer existed in Rio. Can any one 

 in his right mind, after a demonstration like this, 

 afford to doubt and thwart the efforts of those who 

 believe ? 



As with Rio, so with Santos : once the white man's 

 death trap, it has now become a veritable " santos " or 

 health resort. Yet in the harbours of Rio and Santos 

 ships once rotted and fell to pieces for want of crews — 

 all had died of the accursed disease ; and to-day no 

 one fears, and no ship rots. 



In order to mark the progress of sanitation in 

 Brazil and in honour of Dr. Oswaldo Cruz, a splendidly 

 equipped institute, known as the Institute Oswaldo 

 Cruz, has been established for the purpose of inves- 

 tigating tropical diseases in man and animals, and also 

 for the preparation of sera and vaccines. 



Annual mortality from yellow fever in Rio during 

 the last twenty years : 



YEAR 



1890 

 1891 

 1892 

 1893 

 1894 

 1895 

 1896 

 1897 

 1898 

 1899 



DEATHS 



344 



2,299 



984 



584 



48 



289 



42 



39 



4 







