194 THE YELLOW FEVER CAMPAIGNS 



in all these Colonies health clauses have been inserted 

 dealing specifically with the stagnant-water nuisance — 

 the presence of larvae being taken as proof of this. 

 Fines are inflicted regularly for infringement of these 

 bylaws. Screening is compulsory in some places. 

 Fourthly, in many places an active antimosquito pro- 

 paganda has been set on foot and the people have been 

 educated. Fifthly, both the medical officers and the 

 sanitary inspectors have in many places been trained 

 either in tropical diseases at the Tropical Schools in 

 England, or, as in the case of the sanitary inspectors, 

 they have been trained to recognise and differentiate 

 the various mosquito larvae and to realise their 

 significance. In addition to these antilarval measures, 

 the health authorities have also clauses to deal with the 

 fumigation of houses in which yellow fever has occurred, 

 the screening of patients, and early notification. Had 

 these West Indian Colonies not already commenced to 

 make these reforms that brought them into line with 

 Cuba and the Canal Zone, there can be little doubt 

 that they would have been \isited by epidemics of 

 yellow fever which in former days were, as we have 

 seen, the rule. The best test of this is the recent 

 epidemic in Barbados. This epidemic has been kept 

 under ; it was practically stamped out in May in the 

 chief port, Bridgetown, whereas in former days it would 

 have gone on gaining in force and virulence. The fever 

 persisted longer in the straggling isolated country 

 parishes around because the machinery for carrying out 

 thorough fumigation was not so complete as in the 

 chief town. One of the \\^est India Islands has been 



