12 PALJEONTOLOGY OF NEW YORK. 



CogUst subdivided into the cosUs {= Spirifer ?, Pentamerus ?) and costato-stries, 

 the latter including a radiate species and Enteletes Lamarcki ; IV. Plisses, sub- 

 divided into the aperturati, with sinus plicate, and ostiolati, with sinus smooth; 

 terras which had already been proposed by von Buch, and were derived from 

 Schlotbeim's species, S. aperturatus and S. ostiolatus. 



Qdenstedt, in 1871, adopted these last-named divisions and added the 

 division Roslrati, for species in which the hinge-line is short; this chaotic 

 assemblage was made to include the smooth species of the Palaeozoic (Martinia 

 and Reticularia) as well as the Spiriferinas of the Carboniferous and 

 Mesozoic. 



In the American Palaeozoic there are probably not less than two hundred 

 species of the genus Spirifer. Representatives of the greater number of these 

 have passed under our examination, and they, with the aid of not a few species 

 unknown in American faunas, have furnished the evidence upon which the 

 following proposed arrangement is based : 



I. Radiati. Typical example, Spirifer radiatus, Sowerby (including S. plicat- 

 ellus, Sowerby). 



Ddthyrit, Cokbad. Geol. Surv. N. Y., Pal. Dept. ; Fourth Ann. Kept., p. 207. 



Ddtkyrix, CoNKAD. Jouni. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. viii, p. 261, pi. xiv, fig. 17. 



Ddthyrit, Cokrad. Journal Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. viii, p. 261. 



DdOiyrU, Vakdxkm. Geology of N. Y. ; Kept. Third Dist, p. 120, fig. 1. 



Spirifer, Castblkad. Essai sur le Systftme Silur. de I'Amer. Septen., p. 41, pi. xiii, fig. 5 j 



p. 42, pi. xiii, fig. 4. 

 DtUhyrit, Mathbr. Geology of N. Y. ; Kept. Fiiflt Dist., p. 343, fig. 1. 

 Ddthyrit, Hall. Geology of N. Y. ; Kept. Fourth Dist., p. 105, fig. 2o, b. 

 Ddthyrit, Hall. Geology of N. Y. ; Rept. Fourth Dist., p. 105, fig. 1 ; p. 269, fig. 1. 

 Spirifer, Barraudb. Ueber die Brachiopoden der Silur. Schicht. Bohmens. 

 SpiHfer, Hall. Palseontology of N. Y., vol. ii, p. 66, pi. xxii, 2 d-s (not figs. 2 o-c, 2/) ; 



p. 265, pi. liv, figs. 6a-/. 

 Spirifer, Hall. Palseontology of N. Y., vol. ii, p. 264, pi. liv, figs. 5o-/. 

 Spirifer, Billwos. Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, vol. i, p. 135, pi. ii, tigs. 2, 3. 

 Spirifer, Billihob. Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, vol. i, p. 137, pi. ii, fig. 8. 

 8iAr\fer, Hall. Palseontology of N. Y., vol. iii, p. 202, pi. xxvii, figs. 1 a-f; pi. xxviii, 



figs. 8 a-d. 

 Spirifera, Emmohs. Manual of Geology, p. 151. 

 Spir\fera, Hall. Ann. Rept. Geol. Survey of Wisconsin, p. 25. 

 Splr{fera, Hall. Ann. Rept. Geol. Survey of Wisconsin, p. 26. 

 Spirifera, McChbsxbt. Palaozoic Fossils, p. 84. 

 Spitifera, Hall. Geol. Rept. Wisconsin, vol. i, p. 69, fig. 5 ; p. 436. 

 Spirifera, Hall. Geol. Rept. Wisconsin, vol. i, p. 69, fig. 6 ; p. 486. 

 *.Tb«.parenthetical uamben before (he cilatlong refer to the rabdlvisionB of the gronp. 



