BRACHIOPODA. 15 



(1) 1849. Spirifer, Hall. American Journal of Science, vol. xx, p. 228. 



(1) 1852. Spirifer, Hall. PaliEontology of N. Y., vol. ii, p. 261, pi. liv, fig. 2. 



(1) 1856. Spirifer, Billings. Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, vol. i, p. 137, pi. ii, fig. 7. 

 (2o) 1856. Spirifera, Bihumas. Canadian N'aturalist and Geologist, vol. i, j). 474, pi. vii, tigs. 9, 10. 



(1) 1857. Spirifer, Hall. Tenth Kept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 57, figs. 1-5. 

 (2o) 1857. Spirifer, Hall. Tenth Ann. Kept. N. Y. Slate Cab. Nat. Hist., i^p. 130, 131. 

 (26) 1857. Spirifer, Hall. Tenth Ann. Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist , pp. 02, 63, 134. 



(1) 1858. Delthyris, Rookrs. Geology of Pennsylvania, vol. ii, p. 825, tig. 643. 

 (2a) 1858. ^piri/(fr. Hall. Geol. Survey of Iowa, p. 507, jil. iv, figs. 6 fc, c, d; p. 501, pi. iv, figs. 3 a-c. 



(1) 1859. Spirifer, Hall. Paleontology of N. Y., vol. iii, p. 201, pi. xxvi, figs. 1, 2. 

 (26) 1859. Spirifer, Hall. Palajontology of N. Y., vol. iii, p. 419, pi. xcvi, figs. 7 a-f; p. 421, pi. xcvi, 



figs. 9 a~g. 



(1) 1860. Spirifer, Hall. Thirteenth Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 94. 

 (26) 1860. Spirifer, Mkbk. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. iv, p. 308. 



(1) 1860. Spirifer, Hall. Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, vol. v, p. 145. 



(1) 1861. Spirifera, Billings. Canadian Journal, vol. vi, p. 258, figs. 71-73. 

 (2a) 1861. Spirifera, Billing-s. Canadian Journal, vol. vi, pp. 254, 255, figs. 59-64. 

 (2a) 1862. Spirifer, A. Winchell. Pi-oc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. xiv, p. 405. 



(1) 1863. Spirifera, Billings. Proc. Portland Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. i, p. 117, pi. iii, fig. 17. 



(1) 1863. Spirifera, Billings. Geology of Canada, p. 372, fig. 392; p. 386, fig. 423; p. 957, fig. 455. 

 (2a) 1863. Spirifera, Billings. Geology of Canada, p. 960, fig. 467; p. 386, fig. 424 a-d. 

 (2a) 1866. Spirifera, A. Winchkll. Rept. Lower Peninsula of Michigan, p. 93. 



(I) 1867. Spin/era, Hall. Palaeontology of N. Y., vol. iv, pp. 192, 221, 222, 240, pi. xxvii, figs. 30-34 ; 

 pi. XXX, figs. 1-9 ; pi. XXXV. figs. 10-23 ; pi. xl, figs. l-l?. 

 (2o) 1867. Spirifera, Hall. Palaeontology of N. Y., vol. iv, p. 20.5, pi. xxxi, tigs. 1-4 ; p. 207, pi. xxxi, 



tig«. 14-19 ; p. 208, pi. xxxi, figs. 9, 10 ; p. 216, pi. xxxiv, figs. 1-32. 

 (26) 1867. Spirifera, Hall. Palseontology of N. Y., vol. iv, p. 190, pi. xxvii, tigs. 18-28. 



(1) 1868. ^j)ir(/era, Mebk and WoKTHEN. Geological Survey of Illinois, vol. iii, p. 384, pi. vii, fig. 9. 



(1) 1871. Spirifera, Nicholson. Palseontology of Province of Ontario, p. 82. 

 (16) 1874. Spirifera, Nicholson. Paleontology of Province of Ontario, p. 80. 



(1) 1874. Spirifera, Billings. Palaeozoic Fossils, vol. ii, p. 47, pi. iii A, tig. 5. 

 (26) 1876. Spirifer, Mrbk. Simpson's Rept. Expl. Great Basin Utah, p. 346, pi. j, fig. 1. 

 (26) 1877. Spirifer, Meek. King's Rept. Exjil. Fortieth Parallel, vol. iv, p. 41, pi. iii, fig. 3. 



(1) 1878. Spirifera, Dawsok. Acadian Geology, third ed., p. 576. 



(1) 1882. Spirifera}, Whitfield. Geology of Wisconsin, vol. iv, p. 332, pi. xxv, figs. 23, 24. 

 (2a) 1882. Spirifera, Whitfield. Geology of Wisconsin, vol. iv, p 328, pi. xxv, figs. 27, 28. 



(1) 1883. Spir^ftra, Hall. Second Report N. Y. State Geologist, pi. lix, figs. 9, 27-34 ; pi. ix, 

 tigs. 1-18. 



(1) 1884. Spirifera, Walcott. Monogi-. 0. 8. Geol. Survey, vol. viii, p. 135, p\. iv, fig. 2 ; pi. xiv, 

 fig. 12. 

 (2o) 1884. Spirifera, 'Vft.LCOTT. Paleontology Eureka Dist., pp. 136, 217, pi. vii, fig. 8. 



(1) 1889. Spirifera, Nettbleotu. Kentucky Fossil Shells, jip. 128, 132, pi. xvii, figs. 38-42 ; pi. xxxi, 



fig. 13. 

 (26) 1889. Spirifera, Nettelboth. Kentucky Fossil Shells, p. 112, pi. xii, figs. 1-4. 

 (2o) 1889. Spirifera, Nettelroth. Kentucky Fossil Shells, p. 134, pi. x, figs. 11-20, 23-25 ; p. 109, 

 pi. X, figs. 1-5, 31-34, 36-39 ; p. 121, pi. x, figs. 21, 22, 26-30, 35, 40 ; p. 108, 

 pi. xii, figs. 14, 15 ; p. 132, pi. xiii, figs. 36, 38 ; p. 126, pi. xxxi, figs. 10, 11. 

 (2o) 1891. Spirifera, Whitbaves. Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology, vol. i, p. 223. 



Radially plicated ; .surface covered with numerous concentric lamellaa. In 

 Silurian species the fold and sinus are non-plicate ; the later forms usually 



