BRACHIOPODA. 21 



and its Carboniferous members have an expression so distinct from that of the 

 normal Spirifer that many authors, among them Davidson and Waagen, have 

 admitted McCoy's term Reticularia with the value of a genus. With the 

 evidence before us we are unable to accord this group a higher value than that 

 assigned to the divisions of the Radiati, the Ostiolati and the Glabrati ; a line 

 of development which to all appearances terminated with palaeozoic time. 



To this second division of the Fimbriati belong the following American 

 species : S. fimbriatus, Conrad, S. subundiferus, Meek and Worthen, of the 

 Hamilton group, S. hirtus, White and Whitfield, of the Choteau limestone, 

 S. pseudolineatus. Hall, of the Kinderhook and Keokuk groups, S. setigerus, Hall, 

 of the St. Louis and Chester groups, S. darns, Swallow, of the Chester group, 

 S. lineatus, Martin, and S. perplexus, McChesney, of the Coal Measures. 



IV. Apkrtubati. Typical examples, S. aperturatus, Schlotheim, S. disjundus, 

 Sowerby, S. striatus, Martin. 



(6) 1836. Spirifer, Morton. Amei-ican Journal of Science and Arts, vol. xxix, p. 150, pi. ii, fig. 3. 



(o) 1839. Delthyrix, Conrad. Geol. Survey N. Y. ; Pal. Dept. ; Third Ann. Rept., p. 65. 



(a) 1841. Delthyris, Conrad. Geol. Survey N. Y. , Pal. Dept. ; Fifth Ann. Rept., p. 54. 



(o) 1842. Delthyris, Conbad. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. viii, p. 263. 



(a) 1842. Delthyris. Vandxbm. Geology of N. Y. ; Rept. Third Dist., p. 179, fig. 3 ; p. 123, fig. 1 ; 



p. 124, fig. 5. 

 (o) 1843. Delthyris, Hall. Geology of N. Y. ; Rept. Fourth Dist., pp. 269,^270, figs. 1-4 j p. 148, 



fig. 1. 

 (a) 1843. Delthyris, Mathbb. Geology of N. Y. ; Rept. First Dist., p. 342, fig. 1. 

 (6) 1852. Spirifer, Owkn. Geol. Survey Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota, p. 586, pi. v, fig. 6. 

 (6) 1852. Spirifer, V. Roembk. Kreidebildung von Texas, p. 88, pi. xi, fig. 7. 

 (6) 1852. Spirifer, Hall. Stansbury's Expl. Great Salt Lake, p. 410, pi. iv, fig. 5. 

 (c) 1854. Spirifer, Norwood and Pbattbn. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, second ser., vol. iii, 



p. 73, pi. ix, figs. 3a-e. 

 (f) 1854. Spir\fer, Norwood and Prattbn. Joui-. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, second ser., vol. iii, 



p. 72, pi. ix, figs. 2 a-c. 

 (6) 18.i5. Spirifer, Shdmard. Rept. Geol. Survey Missouii, p. 203, pi. c, tig. 8. 

 (6) 1856. Spirifer, Hall. Expl. and Survey for R. R. Route from Missouri to the Pacific, vol. iii,- 



p. 102, pi. ii, figs. 9, 12. 

 (e) 1857. Spirifer, Hall. Transactions of the Albany Institute, vol. iv, p. 8. 

 («) 1857. 8pir\fer, Hall. Tenth Ann. Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 127. 

 (/) 1857. Spirifer, Hall. Tenth Ann. Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 133. 



(a) 1858. Spirifer, Hall. Geol. Survey Iowa, p. 502, pi. iv, fig. 2. 

 (lo) 1858. Spirifer, Hall. Oeol. Survey Iowa, p. 501, pi. iv, figs. 1 a-k. 



(6) 1858. Spirifer, Hall. Geol. Sni-vey Iowa, vol. 1, pt. ii, p. 647, pi. xx, fig. 7 ; pi. xxi, figs. 1, 2 ; 

 p. 604, pi. xiv, figs. 1-5 J p. 641, pi. xx, fig. 1 ; p. 501, pi. vi, fig. 1 j p. 709, 

 pi. xxviii, fig. 2. 



(b) 1858. Spirifer, Marcou. Gteology of North America, p. 49, pi. vii, fig. 2. 



