BRACHIOPODA. 47 



Genus SYRINGOTHYRIS, Winchell. 1863. 



PLATES XXVI, XXVII. 



1796. ATwmite.1, Martin. Trans. Linnean Society, vol. iv, p. 44, pi. iii, ^gs. 1-6. 



1809. Conchyliolithus anomites, Martin. Petrefanta Dei-biensia, pi. xlvi, fig. 34 ; pi. xlvii, fig. 5. 



1816. Spirifer, Sowkrby. Mineral Conchology, pi. cxx, figs. 1-3. 



1840. SpiHfer, Troost. Fifth Geol. Rept. of Tennessee, pp. 17, 48. 



1841. C^rtia, Troost. Sixth Geol. Rept. of Tennessee, pp. 11, 12. 



1847. Spirifer, Yandbll ami Shdmard. Contribution to the Geology of Kentucky, pp. 19, 21. 



1855. Cyrtia, McCoT. British Palaeozoic Fossils, p. 42(5. 



1857. Spirifer, Hall. Tenth Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., pp. 169, 170. 



1858. Spirifer, Hall. Geology of Iowa, vol. i, pai-t ii, pp. 520, 603, 646, 647, pi. vii, fig. 6 ; pi. xiii, 



fig. 4 ; pi. XX, fig. 5. 



1860. Spirifer (Oyrtiaf), Swallow. Trans. St. Louis Acail. Sci., vol. i, p. 647. 



1863. Syringothyris, A. Winchell. Pi-oc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. vii, sec. ser., pp. 6-S. 



1865. Syringothyris, Mbee. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. ix, sec. ser., p. 275. 



1866. Spirifera, Hall. Proc. American Philosophical Society, vol. x, p. 241. 



1867. Spirifer, Mbkk. Araei-ican Journal Science, vol. xliii, p. 407. 



1868. Spirifer, Mbkk and Worthbn. Geol. Survey of Illinois, vol. iii, p. 530, ]^\. xix, fig. 8. 

 1870. Syringothyris, A. Winchbll. Proc. Ameiican Philosophical Society, vol. xii, p. 252. 

 1875. Syringothyrli, Mbbk. Palasontology of Ohio, vol. ii, pp. 285, 288, pi. xiv, fig. 7. 



1875. Syringothyris, Whitb. Wheeler's Geogr. Surveys West of the 100th Meridian, vol. iv, pp. 88, 



90, pi. v, fig. 9. 

 1877. Spirifer, Mbbk. King's U. S. Gfeol. Expl. of the 40th Parallel, vol. iv, p. 87, pi. iii, fig. 11. 



1880. Spirifer, Whitb. Second Annual Rept. Indiana Bui-eau of Statistics and Geology, p. 512, pi. vii, 



figs. 1, 2. 



1881. Spirifer, Whitk. Tenth Rept. State Geol. of Indiana, p. 144, pi. vii, figs. 1, 2. 

 1884. Syringothyris, Walcott. Monogr. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. viii, i>. 219. 



1888. Syringothyris, Hbrrick. Bulletin Denison Univei-sity, vol. iii, p. 41, pi. i, fig. 7; pi. ii, fig. 17 ; 



pi. v, figs. 4-7 ; vol. iv, p. 14. 



1889. Syringothyris, Simpson. Trans. American Philosophical Society, p. 440, fig. 5 ; p. 441, fig. 6. 



1890. Syringothyris, Schdchbrt. Ninth Rep. N. Y. State Geologist, pp. 28-37. 



Shells spiriferoid, usually large, with erect cardinal area and broad, multipli- 

 cate lateral slopes. Fold and sinus generally non-plicate. In the pedicle-valve 

 the delthyrium is covered by a convex, imperforate plate, which is frequently 

 absent. The dental lamellae, more or less strongly developed, rest on the bot- 

 tom of the valve, and at their anterior extremities are produced about the 

 broad diductor impressions. They are united beneath the deltidium by a 

 transverse plate arising from a testaceous callosity in the apex of the delthy- 

 rium. This plate is formed by the deposition of accretions to the margins of 

 the delthyrium, which unite in the median line, the union being marked by a 

 raised line less distinct on the upper than on the under side of the plate. From 

 just within the lateral margins and on the inner side of the plate two lamellar 



